腹腔镜胆囊切除术中肝中静脉分支损伤的危险性因素分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆囊床出血的原因.方法对从2000年9月到2001年3月接受腹腔镜胆囊切除手术的617例中1例患者中,随机选取其中91例进行前瞻性分析,并对617例发生胆囊床出血的病例进行回顾性分析.结果多普勒超声检查均发现有1根肝中静脉的重要分支从胆囊床后面通过,该血管离胆囊床的最近距离点(C点)到胆囊的平均距离为(5.0±4.6)mm,其中15.4%(14例)肝中静脉是直接和胆囊床相贴,11.0%(10例)和胆囊床的距离在1mm以内,C点的内径为(3.2±1.1)mm;约有34.7%(31例)C点位于胆囊纵轴左侧,位于右侧的有39例(42.9%),正好落在胆囊纵轴上的有21例(23.1%).C点肝静脉的流速为(9.9±3.3)cm/s.结论肝中静脉最靠近胆囊点,较多会出现在胆囊纵轴的右侧.建议在术前,尤其是在腹腔镜胆囊切除术前进行常规的多普勒超声检查,以明确肝中静脉和胆囊床的关系,高度重视肝中静脉和胆囊床直接相贴的病例.

Color Doppler ultrasonographic assessment of the risk of injury to major branch of the middle hepatic vein during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cause of hemorrhage from the gallbladder bed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: Color Doppler ultrasound was used to examine the cause of venous hemorrhage from the gallbladder bed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 1 patient postoperatively and to examine the anatomic relationship between the gallbladder bed and branches of the middle hepatic vein in 91 patients preoperatively. RESULTS: There is a major branch of middle hepatic vein extended close to the gallbladder bed. The branch of the middle hepatic vein was completely adherent to the gallbladder bed in 14 of 91 patients (15.4%). The mean distance between the closest point of the middle hepatic vein and the gallbladder bed is 5.0 +/- 4.6 mm, the mean diameter of this point is 3.2 +/- 1.1 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with large branches of the middle hepatic vein close to the gallbladder bed are at risk of hemorrhage during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and should be identified preoperatively with ultrasound.