新生儿脐血地贫筛查和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶缺乏的分析

目的 探讨经过规律产检和遗传咨询新生儿血红蛋白病和红细胞酶疾病的发病率的控制情况.方法 应用血红蛋白电泳和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（G6PD）比值法检查7210例新生儿的脐血血红蛋白电泳区带和G-6-PD结果.结果 筛查7210例新生儿脐血中,检出G6PD缺乏患儿150例,静止型α-地贫85例,标准型α-地贫205例,检出率各为4.48%、2.54%、6.13%.09年检出G6PD缺乏患儿166例,静止型α-地贫95例,标准型α-地贫220例,检出率各为4.30%、2.46%、5.69%.同比下降分别为0.18%、0.08%、0.44%.结论 经过正规的产检和遗传咨询后确认为低风险的新生儿出生后发病的概率比预测的概率减低,且产检和遗传咨询对预防重度地贫患儿的出生有重大的作用.

Prenatal screening of thalassemia in 7210 samples of neonatal cord blood and G6PD deficiency

Objective To explore the incidence of newborn hemoglobinopathy and erythrocyte enzyme disorders after regular prenatal visits and genetic consulting. Methods The band on hemoglobin electrophoresis and the G6PD level were detected in 7210 samples of umbilical cord blood by hemoglobin electrophoresis and G6PD ratio method. Results Of 7210 samples,the detection rate of G6PD deficiency was 4.38％. The detected rates of α -thalassemia with a/a mutation and standard α-thalassemia were 2.50％and 5.89％. The incidence of the three disorders in 2009 was decreased by 0.18％,0.08％,and 0.44％,as compared with 2008. Conclusions The probability of the incidence of the disorders reduces in the confirmed low-risk neonates after regular prenatal visits and consulting,as compared with the predictive probability. Prenatal visits and genetic consulting play an important role in preventing the birth rate of neonates with severe thalassemia.