下腔静脉滤器常见并发症影像诊断与治疗策略

下腔静脉(IVC)滤器(IVCF)已在临床广泛应用,但其总体取出率仍较低,体内长期留置IVCF易引起一系列并发症,如IVCF变形、张开不全、倾斜、移位、断裂及IVC穿孔、狭窄、闭塞;其中少数并发症可引发严重临床后果,甚至导致患者死亡,如IVCF移位至心脏可致心律失常,甚至心脏骤停。虽然IVCF相关并发症影像学表现多样,但各种并发症仍具有一定特征性。熟练掌握IVCF相关并发症的影像学表现,从而及时诊断并采取有效治疗措施对降低严重并发症发生率具有重要意义。本文对IVCF常见并发症的影像学表现与治疗策略进行综述。

Imaging diagnosis and management of inferior vena cava filter related complications

Although inferior vena cava (IVC) filter (IVCF) has been widely used in clinic, the retrieval rate was low, and many of them were left as permanent devices. IVCF can induce many complications, including filter deformation, incomplete opening, tilting, migration and fracture, as well as IVC perforation, stenosis and IVC occlusion. Some of the complications caused by IVCF may cause serious consequence, even death, such as IVCF migration to heart can cause arrhythmia and cardiac arrest. IVCF related complications have many imaging manifestations, whereas there are still some characteristics of each complication. Timely diagnosis based on qualified imaging information and effective treatment is the key to avoid serious complications. The imaging features and management strategies of IVCF related complications were reviewed in this article.