塔里木盆地啮齿动物体外寄生蚤群落的研究

目的掌握塔里木盆地啮齿动物体外寄生蚤的群落组成和结构。方法根据地理区划和生境类型选择调查点,按样方法捕获啮齿动物,对体外寄生蚤进行单独鉴定,采用群落生态学技术方法,计算各鼠类蚤类群落的组成和结构。结果在塔里木盆地共捕获啮齿动物7种351只,获体外寄生蚤10种683只,构建7个鼠类蚤类群落。结论子午沙鼠体外寄生蚤的蚤指数、丰富度和多样性3项指标均较高,对该地区蚤类群落的构成和稳定起到了积极的作用,长耳跳鼠和三趾跳鼠的蚤类群落结构相似,并与子午沙鼠蚤类群落形成结构上的互补性,对维持塔里木盆地蚤类群落构亦具有重要的作用;群落间的相似性比较分析表明,塔里木盆地的7个鼠类蚤类群落归为跳鼠蚤类群落、家栖或半家栖鼠类蚤类群落和子午沙鼠蚤类群落3个类群。

Study on Community of Ectoparasite Fleas on Rodents in the Tarim Basin

Objective To grasp the community composition and structure of ectoparasite fleas on rodents in the Tarim Basin.Methods According to the geographical division and habitat type the survey site was selected,rodents were captured by quadrat and their ectoparasites identified separately.With the technological method of community ecology,the community constitution and structure parameter of all fleas on the rodent were calculated.Results There were total 351 rodents of 7 species captured in the Basin.And 683 parasitic fleas of 10 species were obtained.All of that constructed 7 flea-communities of rodents.Conclusions The index,richness and diversity of parasitic fleas of Meriones meridianus are high.That plays active role in the constitution and stability of ectoparasite community on rodents in the area.The community of fleas on Euchoreutes naso is similar to that on Salpingotus kozlovi.There is complementarity between the ectoparasite community of Salpingotus kozlovi and Meriones meridianus in the structure.It is important to keep the community structure of fleas in the Tarim Basin.By comparative analysis of similarity between the communities,it shows that the flea community of 7 kinds of rodents in the Tarim Basin can attribute to community of Brachiones,community of domestic or semi-domestic rodents and community of Meriones meridianus.