某陆军部队海上抗晕船适应性锻炼研究

目的 研究陆军部队官兵在一般海况中训练时晕船发生情况，分析不同船舶抗晕船适应性锻炼所需的时间及影响因素，为制订抗晕船训练计划提供科学依据。方法 采用问卷法在陆军某集团军海上训练时实施调查，根据每人每天登记的晕船表现，将晕船分为4级：不晕船(0分)、轻度晕船(1～3分)、中度晕船(4～6分)、重度晕船(7分)。结果 (1)在海上3、4级风浪条件下乘坐大型货船炮兵531人中，首日不服用药物438人中有264人发生晕船症状(占60．3％)，经过海上锻炼8d可使晕船发生率降到56%，14d降到46％，20d以后，降到15％以下。晕船者晕船敏感性分值第1天为2．8，以后逐日降低，第4天低于2分，第8天低于1．5分，第18天低于1分。(2)531人中首日服药(乘晕宁)93人，有72人首日发生晕船，但逐日晕船发生率与未服药者无明显区别。(3)150名步兵乘坐登陆艇出海，分2个分队分别以连续和间断出海方式训练4d，可见间断出海训练(1、2d与3、4d间隔10d)对晕船适应也有效果，但略差于连续出海。结论 在3、4级风浪条件下，部队在海上适应性训练的时间需要8～21d；少量服用一般抗晕船药物对晕船适应效果影响不明显；间断出海训练对晕船适应也有效，但略差于连续出海方式。

ADAPTIVE TRAINING OF AN ARMY FOR ANTI-SEASICKNESS

Objective To investigate the occurrence of seasickness when the soldiers of an army were training in various ships, and to estimate the duration required and influencing factors on adaptive training for anti-seasickness, so as to provide scientific basis for making training plan for anti-seasickness. Methods Questionnaires were used in this survey.The degrees of seasickness were divided into 4 scales: non-seasickness(score 0), mild seasickness(score 1-3), moderate seasickness(score 4-6) and severe seasickness(score 7). Results (1) Under 3 or 4 grade of sea waves, 531 artillerymen stayed on the cargo ships took part in the training. Of 438 artillerymen who did not take anti-seasickness medicine (dimenhydrinate), 264 had seasickness symptoms (60.3%) on the lst day.The incidences of seasickness decreased to 56%,46% and<15% respectively after 8,14 and 20 d of training. The average score of seasickness sensitivity of men with seasickness on the first day was 2.8, then it went down day by day, and on the 4th d was <2.0, the 8th d <1.5, and the 18th d <1.0. (2) 72 of the 93 artillerymen taken medicine had seasickness on the lst day. But there were no different adaptive trends from those without medicine.(3) One hundred and fifty infantry were training on the sea in landing craft for 4 successive or separate days (10 d interval after 2 d of training) respectively. The trends of adaptation to seasickness with successive training were better than those with separate mode.Conclusion Under 3 or 4 grade sea waves, it takes 8-21 days of training on the sea for the soldiers to get adaptation. The effect of taking common anti-motion sickness medicine on adaptation is not obvious. Training on the sea with separate mode may form certain adaptation, but the effect may be inferior to that with successive mode.