原发性肝癌大鼠造模的文献研究现状与评价

目的 探讨原发性肝癌大鼠造模的文献研究现状，并进行总结与评价。方法 以“原发性肝癌”“大鼠模型”为关键词检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库文献，检索时限为1996年1月至2021年12月，最终纳入115篇有效文献。对文献的造模方法、造模药物种类及剂量、造模周期以及造模结果评价等进行总结和分析。结果 最常用的原发性肝癌造模大鼠种类为Wistar大鼠，主要造模诱导剂有二乙基亚硝胺(DEN)配制的水溶液、DEN+灭菌食用水、DEN+四氯化碳(CCL₄)、DEN+生理盐水、DEN+标准饲料、二乙酰氨基芴(2-AAF)、黄曲霉毒素B₁(AFB₁)等7种，其中以DEN配制的水溶液最为常用，占63.5%。造模方法有自由饮用法、腹腔注射法、腹腔注射+自由饮用法、灌胃法、皮下注射+自由饮用法、腹腔注射+灌胃法等6种，其中以自由饮用法最常用，占35.7%。主要通过客观评价法对造模结果进行判定，占47.8%。结论 原发性肝癌大鼠造模方法多样，目前尚无统一的标准方法。研究者宜根据自身实验需求选择合适的造模方式。

Current status and evaluation of literature researches on rat models of primary hepatocellular carcinoma

［Abstract］　Objective　To explore the current status of literature researches on rat models of primary hepatocellular carcinoma, and to summarize and evaluate these literature researches. Methods　The phrases of “primary hepatocellular carcinoma” and “rat model” were used as key words to retrieve the literature in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) and Wanfang databases. The retrieved papers were indexed by the two databases from January 1996 to December 2021 and 115 pieces of valid literature were included finally. The modeling methods, types and dosages of modeling drugs, modeling cycle and evaluation of the modeling results of the included literature were summarized and analyzed. Results　The most commonly used type of primary hepatocellular carcinoma modeling rat was Wistar rat. The main modeling inducers included 7 inducers such as the aqueous solution prepared with diethylnitrosamine(DEN), DEN+sterilized drinking water, DEN+carbon tetrachloride(CCL₄), DEN+normal saline, DEN+standard feed, 2-acetylaminofluorene(2-AAF) and aflatoxin B₁(AFB₁), among which the aqueous solution prepared with DEN was the most commonly used, accounting for 63.5%. There were 6 types of modeling methods, including free drinking method, intraperitoneal injection method, intraperitoneal injection+free drinking method, gastric gavage method, subcutaneous injection+free drinking method and intraperitoneal injection+gastric gavage, among which free drinking method was the most commonly used method, accounting for 35.7%. The modeling cycle was 10 weeks to 24 weeks, and the modeling results were judged mainly through objective evaluation method, accounting for 47.8%. Conclusion　There are various methods for modeling primary hepatocellular carcinoma rats, and there are not unified standard methods at present. Researchers should choose the appropriate modeling method according to their own experimental needs.