Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in Polish children - its variants and associations with HLA

HLA-DR and HLA-DQ antigens were investigated in 127 Polish children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) followed-up for the median time of 11 years (minimum 7 years). HLA typing was performed using the polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific oligonucleotide probing technique and the microlymphocytotoxicity test. Histopathologic INS categories and a response to therapy were analyzed according to particular HLA associations. The results were compared with 330 healthy individuals. In INS children, we observed an increased frequency of HLA-DR7, DR3/7, DQ2 and DQ8, whereas HLA-DR13, DR15, DQ5 and DQ6 were decreased. In minimal change nephrotic syndrome, a relationship with HLA-DR3, DR7, DR3/7 and DQ2 was found. Evolved from minimal changes, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was associated with HLA-DR7, while primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with HLA-DR4 and DQ8. In steroid-dependence and secondary steroid-resistance, an increased frequency of HLA-DR3, DR7, DR3/7 and DQ2 was documented. In contrast, primary steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome was associated with HLA-DR4 and DQ8. Steroid-dependent patients bearing HLA-DR3 achieved longer remissions after chlorambucil therapy compared with HLA-DR3-negative. In steroid-resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, a reduced response to cyclosporine A was associated with HLA-DR4. Associations with HLA differentiate between pathoanatomic entities of INS and may influence a response to immunosuppressive therapy.