优化法去细胞兔神经移植修复大鼠坐骨神经缺损

目的 以优化法去细胞兔臂丛神经，移植修复大鼠坐骨神经缺损，观察免疫排斥情况、早期功能恢复及神经再生情况。方法 以优化法处理新鲜取材的新西兰大白兔臂丛神经分支，移植修复成年sD大鼠坐骨神经1．0cm缺损，分别于术后1个月及3个月行功能评价、电生理和组织学检查，观察免疫排斥、功能恢复及神经再生情况。结果 实验组与自体神经移植组在免疫排斥、功能恢复及神经再生方面无显著差异，却明显优于新鲜兔神经移植组。3个月取材时的神经再生及功能恢复情况优于1个月取材时。结论 优化法去细胞神经在移植修复异种神经缺损时，可以达到免疫耐受，其早期功能恢复和神经再生情况良好，在修复周围神经缺损时有望作为自体神经移植的一种替代疗法。

Repair of rat sciatic nerve defect with optimized acellular rabbit nerve

Objective To observe the immune rejection, nerve regeneration and functional recovery of rat sciatic nerve defect bridged by optimized acellular rabbit nerve. Methods The right sciatic nerve of adult Sprague-Dawiey rats were exposed and 1.0 cm long segment of the nerve was removed and repaired by optimized acellular rabbit nerve. After 1 month and 3 months respectively, sciatic functional index ( SFI), electrophysiological and histological studies were conducted to evaluate immunological rejection, nerve regeneration and functional recovery and to compare those parameters in allograft group, autograft group and fresh allograft group. Results The immunological rejection assessed by the levels of CD8 T cells and macrophage infiltration, nerve regeneration assessed by axon density, and functional recovery evaluated by SFI in the optimized acellular xenograft group was similar to those in the autograft group (P > 0.05), but significantly better than those in the fresh allograft group (P < 0.05). Better results were seen in 3 months. Conclusion The Optimized acellular xenogenic grafts are immunologically tolerated. It allows good nerve regeneration and early functional recovery and can be a potential substitute for autograft in repairing peripheral nerve defect.