脑源性神经营养因子通过AKT和ERK1/2信号通路诱导内皮细胞血管生成

本研究探讨脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）促进血管新生的作用及其参与的信号通路,为抗肿瘤血管生成的研究提供新的实验依据。以人脐静脉内皮细胞为对象,采用Western blot方法检测细胞内磷酸化Akt、ERK1/2蛋白质的表达;采用Transwell小室迁移实验和管腔形成实验评价体外内皮细胞血管新生的能力,MTT法检测内皮细胞增殖活性,FITC-Annexin-Ⅴ/PI双染流式细胞术分析细胞调亡。结果表明：BDNF以时间依赖性的方式激活PI3K/Akt和MEK1/ERK信号通路。应用PI3K激酶抑制剂Ly294002、MEK1激酶抑制剂PD98059可以明显阻断BDNF对PI3K/Akt、MEK1/ERK信号通路的激活。100ng/ml的BDNF体外促内皮细胞血管新生能力与25ng/ml血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）相当,其中BDNF诱导的细胞迁移分别被Ly294002和PD98059阻断,其抑制率分别约为74%和36%;同样,Ly294002、PD98059可部分阻断BDNF诱导的小管形成效应,其阻断率分别约57%和37%;而BDNF的促增殖效应仅被PD98059拮抗,抑制凋亡效应仅受Ly294002影响。结论：BDNF在体外有促血管新生的作用。PI3K/Akt和MEK1/ERK信号通路以不同机制共同调节这一过程,其中PI3K/Akt信号通路起着更为重要的调节作用。

Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Induces Endothelial Cells Angiogenesis through AKT and ERK1/2 Signal Pathway

Our previous studies have demonstrated the effects of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on promoting proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM) cells and inducing angiogenesis in MM in vitro. To further investigate whether the PI3K/Akt and MEK1/ERK pathway play a role in the BDNF-induced angiogenesis in vitro and to explore the further molecular mechanisms, two ways to establish human myeloma xenograft animal model were developed, their advantages and disadvantages were elucidated. The phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2 were detected in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by Western blot. The angiogenic activity in vitro was evaluated by transwell migration assay and tubule formation assay. Cell proliferation was determined by crystal violet staining. Cell apoptosis was detected by FITC-Annexin-V/PI double staining and flow cytometry. The results showed that the BDNF activated the PI3K/Akt and MEK1/ERK pathway in the time-dependent manner. Ly294002 and PD98059 blocked the activation of Akt and ERK1/2 respond to BDNF. 100 ng/ml BDNF significantly increased HUVEC tube formation, migration and proliferation in vitro at a similar degree of 25 ng/ml VEGF. Furthermore, tube formation of HUVECs toward BDNF was significantly inhibited by 57% and 40% with 20 micromol/L Ly294002 and 20 micromol/L PD98059 treatment, respectively. At the same time, Ly294002 and PD98059 reduced the BDNF-induced migration of HUVECs by 74% and 36%, respectively. While BDNF-induced survival was only blocked by Ly294002 and BDNF-induced proliferation was only inhibited by PD98059. It is concluded that BDNF promotes angiogenesis of HUVECs in vitro. ERK and Akt are two crucial events in BDNF-mediated signal transduction leading to HUVECs angiogenesis by different mechanisms. Moreover, the latter is more important.