双峰驼胸膜下肺微血管构筑的扫描电镜观察

目的探讨双峰驼胸膜下肺微血管的构筑特征及其功能意义，为哺乳动物肺微血管构筑学研究积累资料。方法铸型扫描电镜技术。结果双峰驼胸膜下肺微血管根据其连续分支可以识别出4级血管：微动脉、终末微动脉、毛细血管前微动脉和毛细血管，胸膜下肺毛细血管通常由该部的毛细血管前微动脉发出，也可由终末微动脉直接发出，并最终相互吻合成胸膜下肺毛细血管网。胸膜下肺毛细血管网粗疏，网孔孔径一般大于毛细血管管径，网孔多呈六边形和五边形。胸膜下肺微动脉、终末微动脉和毛细血管前微动脉的铸型表面均显示有清晰的、环状排列的平滑肌压迹，毛细血管铸型表面可见卵圆形内皮细胞核的压痕。肺间质毛细血管与胸膜下肺微血管之间存在有广泛的、不同水平上的吻合。结论双峰驼胸膜下肺微血管构筑特征与其他哺乳动物比较，并无显著差异。

OBSERVATION ON THE ARCHITECTURE OF SUBPLEURAL PULMONARY MICROVASCULATURE IN BACTRIAN CAMEL (CAMELUS BACTRIANUS) UNDER SEM

Objective To study the architecture of the subpleural pulmonary microvasculature and its functional relationship in the bactrian camel. Methods The replica scanning electron microscopic method was used. Results According to their continuous branches,the subpleural pulmonary microvasculatures were recognized into four grades: arteriole,terminal arteriole,precapillary arteriole and capillary.The subpleural pulmonary capillaries generally came from the subpleural precapillary arteriole and communicated each other to form the subpleural pulmonary capillary network.Sometimes,the subpleural terminal arteriole directly gave rise to capillaries to unite with the subpleural pulmonary capillary network.The network was loose,in which the diameter of the mesh was larger than that of the capillary,and the mesh was often hexagon and pentagon in appearance.There were obvious imprints of the smooth muscles on the surface of the casts of the subpleural pulmonary arteriole,the terminal arteriole and the precapillary arteriole.On the surface of the casts of the subpleural pulmonary capillary,there were obvious imprints of the endothelial nuclei as well.In addition,the broad and different level communications were found among the pulmonary interstitial capillary and subpleural pulmonary microvasculature.Conclusion There were no significant differences on the architecture of the subpleural pulmonary microvasculature between the bactrian camel and other kind of mammals.