门脉高压首次出血的预防进展

静脉曲张出血是肝硬化门脉高压的严重并发症,尽管近年首次静脉曲张出血的死亡率有所下降,但仍是主要死亡原因。目前有人提出用非选择性β受体阻滞剂预防曲张静脉的形成和发展,即一级前预防,并受到重视。非选择性β受体阻滞剂和内镜套扎术(EVL)用于一级预防已较明确。此外,血管紧张素受体抑制剂等药物的运用尚需进一步研究。

Advanced prophylaxis of first variceal bleeding of portal hypertension

Variceal bleeding is a serious complication in patients with cirrhosis. Although bleeding related mortality rates have fallen recently, it continues to be amongst the leading causes of death. Data on preventing formation/growth of oesophageal varices (pre-primary prophylaxis) are conflicting, with insufficient evidence to use beta-blockers. In order to prevent first bleeding, there is strong evidence in patients with medium/large size oesophageal varices that either non-selective beta-blockers or banding ligation can be used. The role of newer drugs such as angiotensin receptor blockers require further evaluation.