野生油料植物的调查和油的脂肪酸组成及其急性毒性实验

<正> 为了扩大我国食用油资源,于1979-1980年间曾分别在北京、西安和云南西双版纳的各有关单位(农业部、粮食部、商业部、中国科学院植物研究所、西安植物园、云南热带植物研究所等)调查了解野生油料作物的种类,生长、产量和培育情况。选择几种被认为有发展前途的油籽进行了油脂含量脂肪酸组成的测定,並对其中两种油进行了急性毒性实验。

STUDY OFWILD PLANT OILS——FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITIONS AND ACUTE TOXICITY TRIAL

In the years 1979-80 13 kinds of oil seeds from wild plants were collected from Beijing, Xian and Yunan Provinces for investigation. Their characteristics were described; their fat content, iodine number and fatty acids composition were determined by Soxhlet, Wijs' and GLC methods respectively.The analytical data showed the fat contents of some seeds (such as curcurbita foetidissima HBK (旱生油瓜), Prunnus amygdalus Batsch(巴丹杏), Xanthocerus sorbifolia Bge (文冠果), etc.) are over 40%, the linoleic acid contents of some seeds (such as Silybum marianum Gaertn (水飞蓟) Curcurbita foetidissima HBK (旱生油瓜), Elaeagus mollis Diels (翅果),Guizotia Abyssinica Cass. (小葵籽), etc.) are around 47-74%. Therefore, all of these oils may be used as good edible oils, if they are free from any toxic substances.On the chromatogram of Cleidiocarpon Airy-Shaw (蝴蝶果), a very big peak (about 40% of total fatty acids) was fonnd at the, position of long chain fatty acids. To identify this peak, a series of experiments had been done, but none was satisfactory. The problem was discussed in this article.Two kinds of oils (Curcurbita foetidissima HBK (旱生油瓜) and Silybum marianum Gaertn. (水飞蓟) were investigated for their toxicity. 0.4 ml oil per 20 gm body weight was fed to. mice by stomach tube once or twice a day for a total 7 days period. No adverse effect was observed, so this two oils can be recognized as relatively harmless.