神经内科住院患者医院感染特点及防治措施

目的通过对神经内科住院患者医院感染监测资料的分析,总结神经内科疾病患者医院感染发生的特点,并探讨防治措施.方法利用医院感染监测统计软件,对1998至2001年神经内科住院患者全部医院感染病例资料进行回顾性分析.结果神经内科医院感染发病率为11.89%,高出全院平均水平5.4个百分点,有显著性差异(P＜0.05).感染部位构成比居前三位的依次为下呼吸道感染(40.27%)、泌尿道感染(23.82%)及上呼吸道感染(20.42%).发生医院感染主要的危险因素为长期卧床、泌尿道插管、原有糖尿病、皮质类固醇及广谱抗生素大量应用、意识障碍等.神经内科医院感染病原体构成比居前五位的依次为真菌.金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌、大肠埃希菌和铜绿假单胞菌.结论神经内科住院患者是医院感染的高度易感人群.防治关键是护理到位合理使用抗生素和做好消毒隔离.

Characteristics of nosocomial infection in neurological in-patients and preventive measures

Objective To find out the preventive measures by analyzing the characteristics of nosocomial infection in the neurological in patients.Methods Patients records were reviewed retrospectively.Results The incidence of nosocomial infection was 11.89%,which was apparently higher than the mean level of the hospital.The difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05).Most infections happened in lower respiratory tract (40.27%),urinary tract (23.82%),and upper respiratory tract (20.42%).Main pathogens were fungi,Staphylococcus anreus,Klebsiella phneumoniae,E.coli,pseudomonas aeruginosa.Conclusions Disturbance of consciousness,urinary catheterization,use of antibiotics and steroid,long term bed rest and DM were all predisposed the neurological in patients to nosocomial infections.To improve nursing care,reasonably use of antibiotics,strict disinfection and isolation should be the key measures to control the nosocomial infection.