眼科超声检查的发展现状及合理应用

眼科超声诊断技术近年得到充分发展,从A型超声获取眼球生物学参数、B型超声获得眼球二维图像、超声生物显微镜获得可以与低倍光学显微镜相媲美的眼前段图像、彩色多普勒血流成像在二维超声的基础上叠加血流信息,到超声造影的出现,可以定量地分析眼内结构及病变内的血流灌注特征,在眼部疾病的诊断和治疗效果评估中起重要作用.但在临床使用上还存有一定误区,且受仪器的穿透力和分辨力的影响,对某些特殊病例的诊断存在一定的局限性,可出现假阳性或假阴性结果.因此建议合理应用超声检查,如A型超声用于生物学测量;B型超声主要用于眼内疾病的形态改变,但对眼表和眶内尤其眶尖疾病的诊断有一定的局限性;超声生物显微镜适用于眼前段尤其睫状体疾病的检查;彩色多普勒超声检查则需充分理解多普勒原理,合理解释组织和疾病的血流变化特点.

Development situation and appropriate application of ocular ultrasonography

The ocular ultrasonography has advanced significantly in recent years.A-mode ultrasound is extensively used for ocular biometry.With B-mode ultrasound we can acquire two-dimensional images.Anterior segment images can be obtained by ultrasound biomicroscopy.Color Doppler flow imaging displays blood flow information of normal and pathological tissues.Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can even be used for quantitatively analyzing the perfusion characteristics.Ocular ultrasound has been widely utilized for diagnosis and follow-up of eye diseases although with some limitations.Affected by penetration and resolution,ocular ultrasound is limited in diagnosis of special cases,and sometimes leading to false positive or false negative results.This review mainly introduces the indications and limitations of ultrasonic diagnosis,and also the characteristics and advantages of each method.