广州市部分公共场所室内空气中PM_(2.5)成份及健康危害分析

目的探讨公共场所室内空气中PM2.5的组成及对健康的危害。方法于2013年11月和12月,在广州中心城区选择部分公共场所:购物、住宿和餐饮各3家,采集室内空气PM2.5样本,分析样本中的12种金属元素(Pb、Mn、Al、Cd、Cr、Sb、As、Be、Hg、Ni、Se、Ti)、四种无机水溶性离子(NO3-、SO42-、NH4+和Cl-)和16种多环芳烃(PAHs)(萘、苊烯、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、屈、苯并[a]蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、茚并[1,2,3-c,d]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽、苯并[g,h,i]艹北)。结果在所检测的3种组分中,无机水溶性离子在三类场所中的质量浓度最高,分别为43.84%、44.67%和60.81%;12种金属成分中,各类场所中Al、Pb、Mn、As、Cr的含量较高,其含量在9.38~339.50 ng/m3范围内,Be和Hg未检出(低于监测限),除餐饮场所的Al明显高于购物场所(P0.05)外,其他11种金属成分在各场所差异无统计学意义(P0.05);4种无机水溶性离子成分中,SO42-、NO3-、NH4+的质量浓度较高,浓度范围在1.27~63.70μg/m3;3类场所4种无机水溶性离子质量浓度差异无统计学意义(P0.05);16种多环芳烃成分中,Bb F、Flu、Ba P、Icd P、Bghi P、Chr的质量浓度较高,浓度范围在0.36~7.38 ng/m3。餐饮场所的16种多环芳烃明显高于购物和住宿场所(P0.05)。蒽(Ant)在购物和住宿场所中未检出,芴(Fl)在住宿场所中未检出。结论 3种类型公共场所PM2.5的成分和质量浓度有所不同,餐饮场所的PM2.5中金属元素和多环芳烃类有机成分污染水平较高,对健康的危害应引起重视。

Analysis on the ingredients and health hazards of PM2.5 in indoor air of some public places in Guangzhou City

Objective To analyze the ingredients of Pm2.5 in indoor air of some public places and discuss their health hazards.Methods The Pm2.5 samples of indoor air of 3 shopping malls,3 hotels and 3 restaurants in urban center of Guangzhou were collected separately during the period of November to December 2013,and then analyzed for 12 metals （Pb,Mn,Al,Cd,Cr,Sb,As,Be,Hg,Ni,Se and Ti）,4 water-soluble inorganic ions （NO3-,SO24,NH4＋ and Cl-） and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （naphthalene,acenaphthylene,acenaphthene,fluorene,phenanthrene,anthracene,fluoranthene,pyrene,chrysene,benzo（a）anthracene,benzo（b） fluoranthene,benzo（k） fluoranthene,benzo（a） pyrene,indeno [1,2,3-c,d] pyrene,dibenzo（a,h）anthracene and benzo（g,h,i）perylene）.Results Among three ingredients tested,the concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions in Pm2.5 of indoor air of the 3 types of public places were the highest,with the percentages being 43.84 %,44.67% and 60.81% respectively.Among 12 metals determined,the concentrations of Al,Pb,Mn,As and Cr were higher,ranging from 9.38 to 339.50 ng/m^3.Be and Hg were not detected.The concentration of Al in the Pm2.5 samples collected from restaurants was higher than that from shopping malls （P 〈 0.05）,but the concentrations of other 11 metals in the 3 types of public places had no significant difference （P 〉 0.05）.Among 4 water-soluble inorganic ions tested,the concentrations of SO42-,NO3 and NH4 ＋ were higher,ranging from 1.27 to 63.70 μg/m^3.No statistically significant differences were found in the concentrations of 4 water-soluble inorganic ions in Pm2.5 samples of the 3 types of public places （P 〉 0.05）.Among 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons tested,the concentrations of BbF,Flu,BaP,IcdP,BghiP and Chr were higher,ranging from 0.36 to 7.38 ng/m^3.The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were significantly higher in restaurants than in shopping malls and hotels （P 〈 0.05）.Ant was not detected in the Pm2.5 samples of shoppi