一起水源性诺如病毒感染性腹泻爆发的调查

目的了解一起社区感染性腹泻爆发的特点和流行原因,探讨爆发疫情调查处理的经验并为制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法采用现场流行病学调查分析和实验室检测方法。结果2月11日至18日,该社区发生感染性腹泻病例173例,罹患率为2.40%,病例最小1岁,最大89岁,男女性别比为1.25∶1,发病最多的为40～49岁组,所有病例均为居住或工作在该社区的人员,工厂、居家均有病例出现,居家病例呈一定的家庭聚集性,病例的临床表现基本相同,以腹泻、腹痛、恶心、呕吐和发热等症状为主,大部分症状较轻,病程1～3 d。从病人粪便标本中检测到诺如病毒抗原,采取改善饮用水、隔离治疗病人和健康教育等综合措施后,疫情迅速得到控制。结论本次疫情为一起诺如病毒感染性腹泻爆发,爆发原因可能是该社区水厂供水系统被污染。社区小水厂卫生安全存在诸多薄弱环节,建议完善水厂卫生管理制度,落实水质消毒措施,尽快改用市政自来水供水。

Epidemiological Investigation of A Water-Borne Outbreak of Norovirus Diarrhea

Objective To analyze epidemiological characters of an outbreak of Norovirus diarrhea in a community of Dongguan city,and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of Norovirus diarrhea.Method Field epidemiological study and RT-PCR were used.Result The epidemic lasted for 8 days.173 cases of infectious diarrhea were found in this community.The attack rate was 2.40%.All the patients were inhabitants or workers who were living in this community,from 1 to 89 years old.Most of the patients were from 40 to 49 years old.The distribution was clustering in family.The main clinical symptoms were fever,diarrhea,bellyache,and vomit.Norovirus antigen was detected from stool of patients.The epidemic was controlled through isolating patients during treatment,disinfection of drinking water,standardization of the purification in the tap water factories and health education.Conclusion This was an infectious diarrhea outbreak caused by Norovirus.Some efficient measures should be taken to strengthen the management of waterworks in this community.