肝移植术后早期神经系统并发症的相关因素分析

目的 探讨肝移植术后早期发生神经系统并发症(NC)的相关因素及改善其预后的措施. 方法 回顾分析155例终末期肝病患者接受成人尸体肝移植的临床资料,其中男性131例,女性24例,平均年龄47.4岁(18～67岁).受者原发病为:乙型肝炎导致的急、慢性肝功能衰竭60例,原发性肝癌(包括胆管癌)73例,丙型肝炎肝硬化12例,其他(包括原发性胆汁性肝硬化、肝豆状核变性及多囊肝等)10例.肝移植术后将发生NC的受者分为NC组,将未发生NC的受者设为对照组,观察和比较两组受者术前原发病和终末期肝病模(MELD)评分、术后肝功能、住院期间感染发生率及死亡率. 结果 住院期间,共有36例受者发生NC,总发病率为23.2%(36/155).原发性肝癌患者的NC发病率为12.3%(9/73),明显低于乙型肝炎导致的急、慢性肝功能衰竭的33.3%(20/60)和多囊肝、原发胆汁性肝硬化和肝豆状核变性等的40%(4/10)以及丙型肝炎肝硬化的25%(3/12)(P＜0.05).NC组受者中非肝癌和肝癌患者分别为22.9±8.2和17.1±5.4,均明显高于对照组的8.3±8.5和13±3.4(P(0.05).术后2周内,两组患者在丙氨酸转氨酶、胆红素总量,凝血酶原时间、血浆白蛋白及血清钠离子和氯离子浓度水平的比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).住院期间,NC组感染发生率和死亡率分别为36.1%(13/36)和30.5%(11/36),对照组分别为17.6%(21/119)和5.9%(7/119),两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 NC是肝移植术后早期常见的并发症,其发生与患者原发病和术前肝功能状态密切相关,严重影响患者的预后;术后积极的对症治疗和防治感染对降低患者死亡率尤为重要.

Neurologic complications after liver transplantation in adults

Objective To evaluate the relevant causes of neurologic complications following liver transplantation.Methods 155 adult patients (131 males, 24 females) who received liver transplantation for the first time at Tongji Hospital between January 2005 and September 2009 were identified.Case notes were reviewed and demographic data, details of the liver disease, neurologic complications, MELD score and discharge information were recorded.Results Neurologic complications occurred following 36 transplants (23.2 %), The complications included mental symptoms in 15 cases (41.7 %), disorder of consciousness and action in 9 cases (25 %), and coma in 12 cases (33.3 %).Twelve percent patients with liver cancer experienced a neurologic complication, which was lower than for other transplant indications, like acute and chronic hepatic failure because of HBV infection (33.3 %, P＜0.01), inborn/metabolic disease (40 %, P＜0.05), and HCV Infection (25 %, P = 0.36).Patients who experienced a neurologic problem had significantly higher MELD score (for non-cancer patients:22.93 ± 8.21; for cancer patients:17 ± 5.4) than the other Patients (for non-cancer patients:18.33 + 8.47, P＜0.05; for cancer patients:13 ±3.4, P＜0.01).The rate of infection (36.1 %) and mortality (30.5 %) were significantly higher in patients with neurologic complications (P＜0.01).The levels of ALT, TBil, ALB, PT and the concentrations of serum sodium and chlorine had no impact on neurologic complications.Conclusion Neurologic complications are common in liver transplant recipients.These complications are related to primary disease and liver function before the operation, and increase the rate of infection and mortality.