肠内营养支持的应用进展

营养不良是住院患者常见的症状之一,对患者造成巨大的不良影响,能降低患者免疫力,延缓伤口愈合,影响正常肌力,导致心理障碍,最终造成患者病情迁延,住院时间延长和费用增加。如果患者胃肠道功能不全则无法通过正常的饮食来维持自身的营养需求,必须借助营养支持。营养支持方式主要分为口服营养补充、肠内及肠外营养支持。肠内营养支持是为无法通过口服补充所必需的的营养物质或通过口服仍无法满足营养需求的患者提供的一种营养支持方式,对患者疾病的治疗以及生存具有重要意义,目前已广泛应用于临床。本文收集整理近几年肠内营养支持的相关文献,从肠内营养支持的适应证及禁忌证、常见制剂、输注途径、临床应用等方面进行归纳总结,从而为肠内营养支持的临床应用提供参考依据。

Progress in application of enteral nutrition support

Malnutrition is one of common symptoms of hospitalized patients, which has a huge adverse impact on patients. It can reduce the immunity of patients, delay wound healing, affect normal muscle strength,lead to psychological disorders, and eventually prolong the patient’s condition, casuing increased hospitalization time expenses. If patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction can not maintain their nutritional needs through a normal diet, they must rely on nutritional support. The nutritional support modes are mainly divided into oral nutrition supplement, enteral and parenteral nutrition support. Enteral nutrition support is a kind of nutritional support for patients who can’t supply the necessary nutrients by oral administration or still can’t meet the nutritional needs by oral administration,which is of great significance for the treatment and survival of patients with diseases. It has been widely used in clinical practice. This article collects and collates the relevant literatures of enteral nutrition support in recent years, summarizes from the indications and contraindications, common preparations, infusion routes and clinical application of enteral nutrition support, and provides reference basis for clinical application of enteral nutrition support.