巩膜生物力学与近视关系的研究

近视是一种全球性的疾病,巩膜作为眼部主要的结缔组织,对维持视力起着重要的作用,除了与角膜协同维持屈光状态外,巩膜还为视网膜和视乳头等脆弱的眼部结构提供稳定的机械支持。近年来,我们对巩膜生物力学的认识逐渐增多,其富含胶原的细胞外基质(ECM)和细胞层次结构等方面的研究认为巩膜在近视的发生及发展上起了重要作用。本文将重点介绍近年来对生物力学方面的研究,综述巩膜外基质结构在近视中的变化,探索体内和体外实验方法,对近视的发生发展进行阐述,同时对巩膜手术的新进展和新出现的微创疗法进行分析,以期为近视的治疗带来新的希望。

Study of the relationship between sclera biomechanics and myopia

Myopia is a global disease. As the main connective tissue of eyes,sclera plays an important role in maintaining vision. In addition to cooperating with cornea to maintain refractive state,sclera also provides stable mechanical support for vulnerable eye structures such as retina and optic papilla. In recent years,our understanding of the biomechanics of sclera has gradually increased. The study of ECM and cell hierarchy,which are rich in collagen,suggests that sclera plays an important role in the occurrence and development of myopia. This article will focus on the recent research on biomechanics,reviews the changes of scleral stroma structure in myopia,explores the experimental methods in vivo and in vitro,elaborates the occurrence and development of myopia,and analyzes the new progress of scleral surgery and the new minimally invasive treatment,in order to bring new hope for the treatment of myopia.