温州市某医院女性HPV感染状况及亚型分析

目的 分析温州市某医院女性人乳头瘤病毒（human papilloma virus，HPV）感染基本情况及亚型分布特征，为HPV感染的预防、治疗提供流行病学依据。方法 收集2020—2022年在温州市中西医结合医院就诊并接受HPV基因分型检测的女性患者共20 065例作为研究对象，采用多重聚合酶链反应（polymerase chain reaction，PCR）和毛细电泳技术检测其HPV结果，并进行统计学分析。结果 HPV总感染率为21.36%，且感染率呈逐年上升趋势，2022年高达24.07%；不同年份之间的感染率差异有统计学意义（2=58.605，P<0.001）。HPV感染以高危型为主，中低危型HPV感染以HPV-53感染率最高，高危型HPV感染以HPV-52感染率最高。HPV感染主要以单一感染为主，且单一、多重感染率在3年间有逐年增加的趋势。21~30岁年龄组在3年间的单一、双重和多重感染的感染率差异有统计学意义，且感染率呈逐年上升的趋势。2020—2022年不同年龄组的感染率呈“U”型变化趋势。结论 温州市某医院2020—2022年女性患者的HPV感染率呈逐年上升趋势，并以高危型、单一感染为主，且主要以HPV-52、HPV-53、HPV-81、HPV-58等流行为主。需重视对≤20岁和≥61岁女性的宣教和筛查。

Analysis of HPV infection status and subtypes among women in a hospital in Wenzhou

Objective To analyze the basic situation and subtype distribution characteristics of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in Wenzhou, in order to provide epidemiological basis for the prevention and treatment of HPV infection. Methods A total of 20 065 female patients who were treated in Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from 2020 to 2022 and received HPV genotyping were collected as clinical research objects. The HPV results were detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and capillary electrophoresis, and statistical analysis was performed. Results The total HPV infection rate was 21.36%, and the infection rate showed an increasing trend year by year, with the highest rate of 24.07% in 2022. There was a statistically significant difference in the infection rate among tested women between different years (2=58.605, P<0.001). HPV infection is dominated by high-risk subtypes, HPV-53 infection rate is the highest in low-risk HPV infection, and HPV-52 infection rate is the highest in high-risk HPV infection. HPV infection was mainly single infection, and the single and multiple infection rates increased year by year in the three years. There were statistically significant differences in the infection rates of single, double and multiple infections in the 21-30 age group in the three years, and the infection rate showed an increasing trend year by year. The infection rates of different age groups showed a U-shaped trend from 2020 to 2022. Conclusion The HPV infection rate of female patients in Wenzhou area from 2020 to 2022 shows an upward trend year by year. HPV infection is mainly high-risk subtype and single infection. HPV-52, HPV-53, HPV-81, HPV-58, etc.are mainly prevalent. Attention should be paid to the education and screening of women aged≤20 years and≥61 years.