大学生锻炼动机与锻炼行为特征的关系

了解大学生锻炼动机与锻炼行为特征的关系,为促进大学生形成良好锻炼行为提供理论依据.方法 运用体育活动等级量表和锻炼动机问卷,对分层随机抽取的扬州某高校1 165名大学生进行测量.结果 大学生锻炼行为3个维度男女间差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为4.43,4.68,4.37,P值均<0.01);大学男生摄人调节、无动机维度得分分别为(1.72±1.16) (0.45±0.21),低子女生的(1.96±1.09) (0.30±0.12)(P值均<0.01).大学生内部动机(r=0.21~0.33)、整合调节(r=0.21~0.43)、认同调节(r=0.22~0.42)以及摄入调节(r=0.13~0.26)分别与锻炼频率、锻炼持续时间、锻炼强度呈正相关(P值均<0.01);男大学生无动机维度与锻炼频率呈负相关(r=-0.21,P<0.05);女大学生锻炼动机外部调节和无动机维度与锻炼频率呈负相关(r值分别为-0.05,-0.15,P值均<0.05),无动机维度与每次锻炼时间呈负相关(r=-0.12,P<0.01).整合调节(β男=0.21,β女=0.39,P值均<0.01)和认同调节(β男=0.26,β女=0.19,P值均<0.01)是大学生锻炼频率的预测指标;整合调节是大学生锻炼持续时间预测指标(β男=0.16,β女=0.21,P值均<0.01);摄入调节是女大学生锻炼强度预测指标(β=0.12,P<0.05).结论 不同性别大学生锻炼行为、锻炼动机存在差异;自主性动机能预测大学生锻炼行为特征.

Relationship between exercise motivation and characteristics of exercise behavior among college students

Objective To provide a theoretical basis for cultivating exercise behavior by fostering and inspiring exercise motivation among college students.Methods A total of 1 165 college students from one university in Yangzhou were assessed by Physical Activity Rate Scale and The Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-version 2 (BREQ-2).Results For male students,three domains of behavioral scores were higher than that of female students(P<0.01),while introjected regulation (1.72± 1.16) was significantly lower than that of female students (1.96± 1.09).All the three domain of exercise behavior (frequency,intensity,and duration) correlated with exercise regulations such as intrinsic (r=0.21-0.33,P<0.01),integrated(r=0.21-0.43),identified(r=0.22-0.42) and interjected regulations(r=0.13-0.26).There was a negative correlation between motivation and exercise frequency (r=-0.21,P<0.05) in male students and a negative correlation between motivation and extrinsic regulation(r=-0.15,P<0.05) and exercise duration (r=-0.12,P<0.01) in female students.Integrated (male β=0.21,P<0.01;female β=0.39,P<0.01) and identified regulation (male β=0.26,P<0.01;female β=0.19,P<0.01) appeared to be an important predictor of exercise frequency for males and females.Integrated regulation was the only predictor of c exercise duration (male β=0.16,P<0.05;female β=0.21,P<0.01).Interjected regulation predicted exercise intensity for females only(β=0.12,P<0.05).Conclusion There are gender difference in college students' exercise behavior,introjected regulation and motivation.These findings suggest that exercise regulations that vary in their degree of internalization can differentially predict characteristics of exercise behavior.