香烟烟雾水溶物对雌性小鼠生殖毒性的研究

为了研究香烟的生殖毒性,采用灌服香烟烟雾水溶物后观察其对小鼠怀孕率和胚胎发育的影响,以及取出卵母细胞进行体外培养和体外受精的方法,观察香烟烟雾水溶物对超排卵的卵母细胞数目、卵母细胞的成熟和受精能力等的影响.结果表明,香烟烟雾水溶物可以极显着地降低小鼠的妊娠率,抑制胚胎发育,显着性地抑制卵母细胞的体内成熟,降低第一极体的释放率和卵母细胞的体外受精率,使卵母细胞存活率显着降低.结果还显示,香烟烟雾水溶物对小鼠生殖作用的损害和对卵母细胞成熟的抑制作用可能是可逆的,停止灌服香烟烟雾水溶物和将卵母细胞以及受精卵培养在正常的培养液中,小鼠的生育能力又能基本恢复正常,卵母细胞的第一极体的释放率以及体外受精率都明显提高.提示,香烟烟雾水溶物可以破坏卵母细胞的成熟和减数分裂,降低小鼠的生殖能力和生育能力,但这种毒性作用是可以逆转的,戒烟后又可恢复正常.香烟中对生殖毒性较大的物质可能是其中的一些含量较高的重金属元素.

Study on Reproductive Toxicity of water - Soluble Contents of Cigarette Smoke in Female Mouse

To test reproductive toxicity of cigarette smoking in female mouse,the pregnancy rates,the embryo development,the number of superovulation oocytes,and the meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes were studied after irrigating water-soluble contents of cigarette smoke(WSCS)into stomach of female mouse using in vitro culture and in vitro fertilization(IVF)of mouse oocyte.The results showed that WCSC could significantly reduce the pregnancy rates and IVF rates and the quality and viability of mouse oocyte and the number of superovulation oocytes,inhibite the meiotic maturation and the extruding of the first polar body of mouse oocytes,affect the embryo development,but little impact on the germinal vesicle beaakdown(GVBD).The results also showed that the deleterious effects of WCSC on mouse fertility and the meiotic maturation of muouse oocyte may be reversilbe,stopping irrigating into stomach of WCSC and by the culture of oocytes and zygotes in normal culture solution(DMEM BSA)the fertility,the extruding of the first polar body and IVF rates may obviously increased.The results indicated that WCSC may be hazardous to the oocyte meiosis,reduce the fertility and reproductive ability,but the toxicity may be reversible,normal fertility may be recovery after stopping smoking.The substances of major reproductive toxicity in water-soluble contents of cigarette smoke may be the contents of heavy metal element.