舟山海岛学生的碘营养状况对照研究

目的 :　海岛学生饮食结构中含有碘丰富的海产品。本研究旨在了解海岛学生的碘营养状况 ,评价食盐补碘的利弊。方法 :　对定海农村 (食用碘盐 )和岱山农村 (不食用碘盐 )的学校中随机抽取的 1 2个班级 ,对碘盐组和非碘盐组的饮食碘摄入和尿碘水平等变量进行描述 ,并分别以尿碘和甲状腺肿率为应变量进行单因素和多因素回归分析。结果 :　碘盐组除碘盐外每日碘摄入量中位数为 1 84μg,而不食用加碘盐的组为 1 0 5 μg,两组饮食碘摄入有显著性差异 (u=4.71 0 ,P=0 .0 0 0 ) ,而尿碘水平在食用碘盐组和不食用碘盐组分别为 1 6 9μg/L和 1 2 9μg/L,两组间有显著性差异 (u=6 .3 0 2 ,P=0 .0 0 0 )。多因素分析中性别和是否食用碘盐对尿碘水平有显著性意义 (P<0 .0 5 ,OR值分别为 0 .76 5 ,1 .93 3 )。甲状腺肿学生和正常学生的饮食碘和尿碘无统计学差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。Poisson回归分析中性别和是否食用碘盐对甲状腺肿率有影响 (P<0 .0 5 ,OR值分别为2 .2 5 ,3 .5 2 )。结论 :　舟山海岛学生要注意补碘过程中可能出现的碘过量问题。

A COMPARITIVE STUDY ON IODINE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF STUDENTS IN ZHOUSHAN ISLANDS

Objective: To measure the iodine nutritional status of students in Zhoushan Islands and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of iodized salt prophylaxis. Methods: A comparative study was carried out in 12 classes which were selected from Dinghai(iodized salt district) and Daishan(non-iodized salt district) of Zhoushan Islands by random sampling. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the urinary iodine concentration and dietary iodine intake of the two groups. Spearman correlation was used to look for the correlation between urinary iodine concentration and dietary iodine intake in the two groups. Ordinal regression was used to analyze the factors that affect the urinary iodine concentration. Poisson regression was used to analyze the risk factors of goiter.Results: The urinary iodine concentration in non-iodized salt district was 129 μg/L,which was lower than 169 μg/L in iodized salt district(u=6.302,P=0.000) , whereas the daily iodine intake in the two groups was 105 μg/d and 184 μg/d respectively, the difference was also significant(u=4.710,P=0.000). The influence of sex and iodized-salt intake was significant in the final regression model (P<0.05), the value of OR was 0.765 and 1.933 respectively. There was no significant difference of daily iodine intake quantity and urinary iodine concentration in the goiter students and normal students (P>0.05). The effect of sex and iodized-salt intake on the development of goiter was significant in the Poisson model (P<0.05), the values of OR is 2.25, 3.52 respectively.Conclusion: In Zhoushan Island, the special pattern of island diet should be considered. The problem of excessive intake of iodine in island areas should be monitored.