兰州市新装修室内环境空气污染特征

目的 研究兰州市室内空气污染特征.方法 对兰州市装修完成1个月内的10间办公室和100套居民住宅进行室内空气中甲醛、总挥发性有机物(TVOC)、氨和氡的检测.对室内空气污染物的时间分布、空间分布、时间衰减变化进行调查.结果 10个办公室空气中甲醛、TVOC、氨严重超标,平均浓度分别为0.533、5.57、0.396 mg/m3,最高浓度超标分别为12.6倍、30.6倍、3.3倍.100套住宅中,客厅、卧室、书房、厨房的甲醛超标率在35.0%～78.8%之间,甲醛最高浓度超标8.5倍;TVOC超标率在56.0%～75.0%之间,最高浓度超标19.8倍;氨超标率在37.0%～41.7%之间,最高浓度超标5.1倍;氡未见超标.卧室污染相对较重.随着通风时间的延长,室内空气中检测到的挥发性有机物的浓度和种类明显减少.结论 兰州市因装修导致的室内空气污染较为严重.

Indoor Air Pollution in Newly Redecorated Rooms

Objective To study the indoor air pollution characteristic and control countermeasure. Methods 10 office rooms and 100 houses that were newly redecorated for one month were chosen for the determination of formaldehyde, TVOC, ammonia and radon. The distribution characteristic of time, space of pollutants was studied. Results The concentrations of formaldehyde, TVOC, ammonia in the investigated office rooms exceeded the standard limits greatly, the average levels were 0.533, 5.57and 0.396 mg/m3 respectively. In the 100 houses, the rates of exceeding limit of formaldehyde, TVOC, ammonia were 35.0%-78.8%, 56.0%-75.0% and 37.0%-41.7% respectively. In the two kinds of sites, the concentration of radon did not exceed the limit. Along with ventilation, the concentrations of pollutants went down. Conclusion Indoor air pollution caused by redecoration is serious in a certain degree in Lanzhou.