温泉度假娱乐场所温泉水军团菌污染状况及相关因素调查

目的 了解温泉度假娱乐场所温泉水军团菌污染状况及相关因素。方法 选择北京市昌平地区较大的4所温泉度假娱乐场所，采用统一调查表进行现场调查，同时采集温泉水进行军团菌分离、鉴定和菌落计数，分离到的菌株用PCR方法进行mip基因分型。结果 87份温泉水检出47株军团菌，均为嗜肺军团菌（Lp），检出率为54．02％，共有4个血清型（Lp1占57．45％，Lp6占21．28％，Lp12占14．89％，Lp5占6．38％）。温泉水通过循环过滤加热系统控制池水的温度在34～47℃之间，34～44℃均有军团菌的检出，34℃以下和44℃以上未检出，其中高温池（40～47℃）37份水样检出Lp21株，检出率56．75％；低温池（34～39．9℃）42份水样检出Lp26株，检出率61．90％。高温池与低温池检出率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。4所温泉度假娱乐场所温泉水pH值6．4～7．3，环境温度26～28℃，相对湿度在56％～69％，均为军团菌最佳的生长条件。温泉场所的消毒全部采用氯制剂，余氯含量为0．3～0．5mg／L，但检出率仍在14．29％～48．00％。结论 4所温泉娱乐场所温泉水Lp污染比较严重，血清分型以Lp1为主，环境条件、pH值、温泉水温度以及温泉的形成方式均适合军团菌生长，所以要高度注意由温泉引起的军团菌暴发。由于温泉水温度比较高，氯制剂中氯挥发快，可影响消毒效果，温度达到44℃以上可作为抑制军团菌方法。

Study on the status of pollution by Legionella species in hot spring vacation center and the related factors

OBJECTIVE: To study the pollution status of Legionella species in hot spring vacation center and the related factors. METHODS: Field surveys were performed in four big hot spring vacation centers of Changping district. Uniform questionnaires was used and colony count was made together with the isolation of Legionella species from hot spring water based on mip gene typing. RESULTS: 47 isolates of Legionella pneumophila (Lp) from 87 samples showed 4 serotypes as Lp1, Lp6, Lp12, Lp5 with percent of 57.45%, 21.28%, 14.89%, 6.38% respectively. The hot spring centers controlled the temperature of recycled water between 34-47 degrees C by hot water heating and filtrating system. All the isolates were cultured from the hot water with temperature between 34-44 degrees C: 56.75% (21/37) in high temperature (40-47 degrees C) and 61.90% (26/42) in low temperature (34-39.9 degrees C). There were no statistically significant difference between the high and the low temperature samples (P > 0.05). In the four hot spring vacation centers, the pH value was under control at 6.4-7.3 and the ambient temperature was under control between 26-28 degrees C. The humidity was controlled between 56% -69% relative humidity, which were the best growing conditions for the Legionella species. Disinfectors as chlorine deviratives was used in the four hot spring vacation centers. Though the concentration of chlorine in the water was 0.3-0.5 mg/L, 14.29%-48.00% of the samples were still positive of having Legionella species. CONCLUSION: The pollution of Legionella species was considered to be quite serious in the four hot spring vacation centers and the predominant serotype was Lp1. The pH and temperature of the hot spring water, ambient temperature and humidity and the way of heating up the water were the best conditions for the growth of Legionella species in these centers. Because of the high temperature of the hot spring water, chlorine of the disinfector volatilized quickly, affecting the effect of disinfection. The result revealed that water temperature achieving 44 degrees C could have had the effect of prevention.