医院感染危险因素的分析与控制

目的 了解和分析我院发生医院感染的各种因素,加强医院感染控制工作.降低医院感染率.方法 通过前瞻性回顾性调查的方法,对2005年至2006年住院的39 075例住院患者进行综合调查.结果 我院医院感染率2005年为4.37%、2006年为3.79%.各科室之间感染率有明显差异,并以ICU为最高;感染以下呼吸道、泌尿系统为主;居前位的原发性疾病中有肿瘤系统(11.93%),血液系统(7.76%),神经系统(7.02%),和循环系统(6.83%);医院感染危险因素感染率以血液透析、气管切开、呼吸机、泌尿道插管、动脉静脉插管为最高;医院感染病原菌以G-菌和真菌为主;各项危险因素以侵袭性操作发生感染率为最高;抗生素二联用药占总体用药的首位.结论 切实抓好医院感染的监控工作及管理,加强对侵袭性操作的规范性指导,合理使用抗生素,健全医院管理制度,提高预防和控制医院感染的意识.

The analysis and control of hospital infection risk factor

Objective To find out and analyze the hospital infection factors in my hospital,strengthen the hospital infection control,reduce the hospital infection rate.Methods 39 075 hospitalized patients during 2005 to 2006 were comprehensively study by sprospective retrospective review.Results The hospital infection rate in 2005 and 2006 was 4.37%and 3.79%respectively.There is significantly difference between different departments,ICU is the highest infection rate department.The major infection place is low respiratory tract and urinary system.The common primary desease is cancer(11.93%),hematological system(7.76%),nervous system(7.02%),circulation system(6.83%).The common hospital infection risk factors are hematodialysis,incision of trachea,breathing machine,intra-urethral cannula,arterio-venous cannula.The major infection pathogenic bacteria is G-bacterium and eumycete.The biggest risk factor is invasion procedure.The most common treatment is two kind of antibiotic combination.Conclusion Promoting the monitoring and administration of hospital infection,strengthening the stardard guiding for the invasion procedure,reasonably apply the antibiotic,improve the hospital infection administration system,elevate the awareness of prevention and control of hospital infection.