宁夏0～1岁婴儿出生缺陷发生情况及影响因素调查分析

目的:了解宁夏回族自治区出生缺陷发生现状,主要病种、顺位及出生缺陷影响因素。方法:对宁夏2007年1月1日～12月31日样本点所有出生婴儿(包括无论孕周大小的死胎、死产、治疗性引产等)进行调查,并对出生婴儿的母亲进行出生缺陷发生主要危险因素的调查。结果:2007年11032名新生儿中共检出有明确出生缺陷疾病名称的病种为32种,患病人数143人(发生率为129.62/万人);位列前5位的疾病分别是先天性心脏病、唇裂合并腭裂、神经管畸形、多指(趾)和先天性脑积水,占总出生缺陷疾病的55.3%;汉族出生缺陷发生率高于回族(P<0.01);妇女孕期发热、病毒感染、缺碘、有异常生育史等危险因素使生育出生缺陷儿风险增高。结论:宁夏出生缺陷发生率与全国平均水平相近,位于前5位病种与全国调查相同,但顺位略有不同。多种因素影响出生缺陷的发生,应有性地加强孕前筛查及保健、提高产前诊断水平,减少出生缺陷发生率。

Sampling analysis of birth defects occurrence and risk factors for babies between 0 and 1 years old in Ningxia

Objective：To explore the prevalence of birth defects. Methods： A sample survey was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of birth defects of the neonates born between Jan 1st to Dec 31st,2007 in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Results： Among 11 032 neonates,32 kinds of birth defects were detected,involving in 143 neonates （129.62 per ten thousand）. The top five birth defects were congenital heart disease,cleft lip with cleft palate,neural tube defects,multiple fingers （toes） and congenital hydrocephalus,accounting for 55.3%. The occurrence of birth defects in the Han people is higher than that in the Hui people （P〈0.01）. As to the mothers,experiencing fever,viral infections,iodine deficiency during pregnancy and abnormal reproductive history were the risk factors related to birth defects. Conclusion： The overall prevalence of birth defects in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region approaches the national average. Scientific,standardized,and effective interventions such as enhancing prenatal screening and health care,improving the level of prenatal diagnosis should be performed to reduce the rate of birth defects.