脑血管疾病死亡对我国大陆居民期望寿命的影响

  目的 分析2005年和2010年脑血管疾病死亡对我国大陆居民期望寿命的影响程度，评价其对我国居民健康的危害。方法 采用经死亡漏报调整和城乡人口结构调整的中国疾病预防控制中心全国疾病死亡监测系统2005年和2010年的死亡数据，采用寿命表法计算期望寿命及各主要疾病去死因期望寿命，通过Arriaga法将去脑血管疾病死因增寿年数按各年龄组进行分解。结果2010年我国居民期望寿命为73.23岁，去脑血管疾病死因增寿年数为2.26岁，其中97%的去脑血管疾病死因增寿年数归因于＞40岁人群去脑血管疾病死亡。与2005年相比，2010年脑血管疾病死亡率有所降低，使居民期望寿命增加了0.04岁，占增寿年数的4%，但脑血管疾病死亡率降低城市明显大于农村，因此城市居民期望寿命增加了0.45岁，占总增寿年数的45%；而脑血管疾病死亡在农村居民中的增加使期望寿命降低了0.12岁，使农村居民期望寿命增幅降低了16%。结论 脑血管疾病死亡是影响我国居民期望寿命主要原因之一；脑血管疾病死亡对城乡居民期望寿命影响差异较大；降低脑血管疾病死亡、提高期望寿命的重点人群为农村＞40岁的居民。

An evaluation of the impact of cerebrovascular disease deaths on life expectancy in China

Objective To evaluate the impact of cerebrovascular death on the life expectancy of Chinese residents in recent years and explore the difference in the subgroups.Methods Life expectancy and cause-elimination life expectancy were calculated by standard life table techniques using the adjusted mortality data from the Death Surveillance Data Sets in 2005 and 2010 provided by the National Disease Surveillance System. Decomposition method was used to quantitatively evaluate the impact of cerebrovascular disease.Results The life expectancy of Chinese residents was 73.23 years old in 2010. The loss of life expectancy caused by cerebrovascular death was 2.26 years in 2010, with about 97% of that came from the elimination of deaths in the residents aged over 40 years old. Compared with 2005, the reduction of cerebrovascular deaths contributed to a total of 0.04 years increase in the life expectancy of Chinese residents in 2010, with 0.45 years for urban residents. However, for the rural residents, cerebrovascular death increased and caused 0.12 years decrease of life expectancy.Conclusions The impact of cerebrovascular death on the life expectancy of Chinese residents is still great. Significant difference is showed between the urban and rural areas with reduction in the urban but increase in the rural. The life expectancy is likely to be further increased by reducing cerebrovascular death in the Chinese residents aged over 40 years old.