山东省4~6岁儿童电子屏幕暴露现况及影响因素研究

目的 了解山东省4～6岁儿童电子屏幕暴露现况及影响因素,为科学干预学龄前儿童使用电子设备提供参考。方法 2018年9-10月分层随机整群抽取山东省5市共20所幼儿园的儿童,采用问卷调查收集基本信息及屏幕暴露相关情况。采用Logistic回归模型分析屏幕时间≥1 h的影响因素。结果 山东省4～6岁儿童工作日屏幕时间低于周末[(1.40±1.48) h vs (1.88±1.38) h],差异有统计学意义(t=-15.411,P＜0.05)。男童与女童日平均屏幕时间分别为(1.57±1.37) h、(1.50±1.24) h,差异无统计学意义(t=1.275,P=0.203)。多因素分析显示生后4月内中等比例母乳喂养、家长允许儿童使用电子设备、母亲文化水平为初中及以下、家长经常对儿童屏幕内容限制频率为偶尔/有时/经常、家长每日屏幕时间长、儿童睡前屏幕时间长是儿童日平均屏幕时间≥1 h的危险因素,OR值(95%CI)分别为1.426(1.087～1.966)、3.806(1.904～7.608)、2.692(1.397～5.188)、1.929(1.326~2.807)、2.165(1.611~2.911)、1.484(1.167～1.887)、1.069(1.033～1.107)、2.183(1.740～2.740)。结论 过度屏幕暴露在4～6岁儿童中普遍存在,并呈现低龄化发展趋势,且受多种因素影响,对儿童的屏幕时间应给予科学干预和正确引导。

Research on the current status and influencing factors of electronic screen exposure in children aged 4 to 6 years in Shandong

Objective To understand the current status and influencing factors of electronic screen exposure in children aged 4 to 6 years in Shandong,in order to provide reference for appropriate use of electronic device. Methods A total of children in 20 kindergartens from 5 cities in Shandong province were selected by random sampling method from September to October 2018.The basic information,screen exposure conditions were investigated by questionnaires.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of screen time. Results The screen time of children aged 4-6 years on weekday was significantly lower than that in weekend [(1.40±1.48) h vs.(1.88±1.38)h,t=-15.411,P＜0.05].The daily average screen time for boys and girls was (1.57±1.37) h and (1.50±1.24) h,and the difference was not significant(t=1.275,P=0.203).Multivariate analysis showed that medium proportion of breastfeedingwithin 4 months after birth(OR=1.462,95%CI:1.087-1.966),parents' frequent permission on using electronic devices(OR=3.806,95%CI:1.904-7.608),maternal education level under junior high school(OR=2.692,95%CI:1.397-5.188),parents'occasionally/sometimes/frequent restriction on screen content(OR=1.929,95%CI:1.326-2.807;OR=2.165,95%CI:1.611-2.911;OR=1.484,95%CI:1.167-1.887),longer daily screen time of parents(OR=1.069,95%CI:1.033-1.107) and the longer screen time of children before bedtime(OR=2.183,95%CI:1.740-2.740) were risk factors of daily average screen time≥1 h. Conclusions Excessive screen time is common among children aged 4-6 years and shows a lowering trend of age.Electronic screen exposure is affected by multiple factors,andchildren should be given scientific intervention and proper guidance.