甲状旁腺全切术患者术后严重低钙血症危险因素分析

目的探讨甲状旁腺全切术(total parathyroidectomy without autotransplantation,TPTX)患者术后严重低钙血症的发生率,并分析其危险因素。方法病例来自2008年9月至2017年9月期间在南京医科大学第二附属医院接受TPTX的患者。收集患者手术前后血生化检查和术前全段甲状旁腺素(iPTH)等资料,以及手术切除甲状旁腺总质量(切除腺体质量)等。二元Logistic回归模型法分析TPTX患者术后发生严重低钙血症的危险因素。结果783例TPTX患者年龄(46.90±10.78)岁,平均透析龄(91.36±41.75)个月,术后发生严重低钙血症者235例,发生率为30.01%。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,术前血iPTH(OR=7.56,95%CI:1.55~36.79,P=0.01)、血碱性磷酸酶(OR=36.71,95%CI:14.75~91.36,P<0.01)、血磷(OR=1.74,95% CI:1.11~2.71,P=0.02)水平高,切除腺体质量大(OR=1.18,95%CI:1.06~1.31,P<0.01)是患者术后发生低钙血症的危险因素;术前血钙水平高是术后低钙血症(OR=0.02,95% CI:0.01~0.07,P<0.01)的保护因素。结论TPTX治疗继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症术后低钙血症发生率高。术前血iPTH、血碱性磷酸酶、血磷水平高,术中切除腺体总质量大是术后发生严重低钙血症的独立危险因素。

Analysis of risk factors of severe hypocalcemia after total parathyroidectomy

Objective To analyze the incidence and risk factors of hypocalcemia after total parathyroidectomy without autotransplantation. Methods A total of 783 maintenance hemodialysis patients who underwent TPTX in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from September 2008 to September 2017 were included in the study. The preoperative blood biochemical examination, preoperative iPTH, total mass of parathyroid gland (M) and postoperative iPTH and electrolyte results were collected. The incidence of severe hypocalcemia after TPTX were analyzed retrospectively. Binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of severe hypocalcemia after TPTX. Results The age of 783 patients with TPTX was (46.90±10.78) years old, and the average dialysis age was (91.36±41.75) months. Postoperative severe hypocalcemia occurred in 235 cases (30.01%). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that higher preoperative blood iPTH (OR=7.56, 95%CI: 1.55-36.79, P=0.01), higher blood alkaline phosphatase (OR=36.71, 95%CI: 14.75-91.36, P＜0.01), blood phosphorus (OR=1.74, 95%CI: 1.11-2.71, P=0.02) and greater mass of resected glands (OR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.06-1.31, P＜0.01) were the risk factors for post-hypocalcemia. The higher preoperative serum calcium can reduce the risk of postoperative hypocalcemia (OR=0.02, 95%CI: 0.01-0.07, P＜0.01). Conclusions The incidence of hypocalcemia after TPTX treatment for SHPT is very high. Blood iPTH, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus, and total mass of intraoperative parathyroid gland excision are the independent risk factors for severe hypocalcemia after surgery.