云南省城乡2012-2018年5岁以下儿童营养与健康监测情况分析

目的 利用全国儿童营养与健康监测系统2012-2018年云南省的数据,分析云南省城乡5岁以下儿童的营养性疾病状况及变化趋势。方法 采取分层整群抽样的方法,以昆明市五华区和曲靖市会泽县各4个乡镇(街道)辖区内常驻的5岁以下全部儿童为研究对象,采用2006年WHO儿童生长发育和贫血诊断标准,应用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果 农村5岁以下儿童贫血患病率达30%以上(经过高海拔校正),已属中度公共卫生问题,7年来明显降低,城乡差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);5岁以下儿童生长迟缓率、低体重率、消瘦率农村均高于城市,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);7年来随年度变化,农村各率明显下降(P<0.05)。结论 云南省城乡儿童营养性疾病状况明显改善,相关贫困地区儿童营养改善项目的开展,使西部地区儿童营养状况得到改善,宜继续深入贯彻实施。

Analysis of nutrition and health condition monitoring of children under 5 years old in urban and rural areas of Yunnan province from 2012 to 2018

Objective To analyze the nutritional status and change trend of children under 5 years old in urban and rural areas of Yunnan Province,based on the data of Yunnan Province in nationwide children's Nutrition and Health Condition Monitoring System from 2012 to 2018. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select children under 5 years old in 4 towns (streets) respectively in Wuhua district,Kunming and Huize district,Qujing. The diagnostic criteria of children's growth development and anemia by WHO in 2006 was adopted. And the data was analyzed by software SPSS 17.0. Results The prevalence of anemia in rural children under 5 years old was over 30% (after high adjustment of altitude),which has become a moderate issue of public health. However,the prevalence of anemia has decreased significantly over the past seven years,with significant difference between urban and rural areas(P＜0.05). Meantime,the prevalence rates of stunting,underweight and wasting in children under 5 years old in rural area were significantly higher than those in urban area(P＜0.05),which significantly changed over the past seven years,especially in rural area(P＜0.05). Conclusions The nutritional disease of children in urban and rural areas of Yunnan province has been alleviated dramatically. The launch of related projects on improving nutritional status of children in poverty areas has enhanced the nutritional status of children in western area,which needs to be implemented thoroughly.