婴儿湿疹发病相关因素分析

目的 了解婴儿湿疹的现状,分析婴儿湿疹的影响因素。方法 按照“知情同意、自愿参加”原则,在2016年3-9月期间,以苏州市立医院儿童保健科门诊的体检婴儿作为研究对象,随机选择1、6、12月龄的婴儿共计1 135名,由医生对其家长进行湿疹相关因素问卷调查,并对婴儿湿疹进行诊断,应用χ²检验和Logistic回归模型分析婴儿湿疹的相关因素。结果 1)1、6、12月龄婴儿的湿疹现患率分别为59.1%、41.7%和19.8%,不同年龄的患病率差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。2)经过单因素分析筛选,与婴儿湿疹发生相关的因素主要有喂养方式、沐浴及润肤产品的使用情况,外出户外活动时间的长短(P＜0.05);经Logistic回归模型分析后表明,人工喂养(OR=2.695,95%CI:1.826~3.976)和混合喂养(OR=1.530,95%CI:1.179~1.986)是湿疹发生的危险因素(P<0.01),户外活动1~2 h(OR=0.475,95%CI:0.343~0.658)、户外活动＞2 h(OR=0.273,95%CI:0.162~0.460)以及使用洗护用品(OR=0.755,95%CI:0.592~0.964)为湿疹发生的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 1)婴儿的湿疹发生率随着年龄增长而降低,由于Th1/Th2免疫趋于平衡,湿疹逐渐趋于缓解消退。2)母乳喂养是降低婴儿湿疹的有利因素,而适当的户外活动和沐浴润肤用品的使用,可减少或缓解湿疹发生。

Analysis on the influencing factors of infantile eczema

Objective To understand the present situation of infantile eczema,and to explore the influencing factors of infantile eczema. Methods According to the principle of "informed consent and voluntary",a total of 1 135 infants,at the age of 1 month,6 months and 12 months,were selected randomly from Suzhou Municipal Hospital from March to September 2016.The questionnaires were conducted to infants′ parents,recording the potential related factors of infantile eczema.Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the related factors of infantile eczema. Results 1) The prevalence rates of infantile eczema at the age of 1 month,6 months and 12 months old were 59.1%,41.7% and 19.8% respectively with significant difference(P<0.05).2) Single factor analysis showed that infantile eczema was related to feeding pattern,baby care products and outdoor activity time (P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that artificial feeding (OR=2.695,95% CI:1.826-3.976) and mixed feeding (OR=1.530,95% CI:1.179-1.986) were risk factors of infantile eczema(P<0.01).Outdoor activities for 1 to 2 hours (OR=0.475,95% CI:0.343-0.658),outdoor activities for more than 2 hours (OR=0.273,95% CI:0.162-0.460) and the use of baby care products (OR=0.755,95% CI:0.592-0.964) were protective factors of infantile eczema(P<0.05). Conclusions 1) The prevalence of infantile eczema decreases with age,and the balance of Th1/Th2 tends to ease eczema.2) Breastfeeding,appropriate outdoor activities and usage of proper baby care products may reduce the occurrence of infantile eczema.