浙江省托幼机构2006-2017年儿童卫生保健及卫生保健人员构成情况分析

目的 分析浙江省托幼机构卫生保健现状,规范集居儿童的卫生保健管理,为提高本省托幼机构儿童的卫生保健水平提供科学依据。 方法 根据浙江省托幼机构卫生保健年报制度,对2006-2017年浙江省托幼机构儿童的常见疾病及托幼机构的卫生评价与保健人员情况进行调查。 结果 浙江省托幼机构儿童龋齿患病率最高(31.83%),其次为视力不良、贫血、肥胖、营养不良和弱视;从趋势看,2006-2017年浙江省托幼机构儿童的贫血患病率、营养不良患病率下降,肥胖患病率、视力不良患病率及龋齿患病率上升;城市托幼机构在园儿童的贫血患病率和龋齿患病率低于农村(t=-3.26、-2.87,P＜0.05),视力不良率和弱视患病率高于农村(Z=-2.98、-2.56,P＜0.05)。全省托幼机构保健人员的数量及专职率上升,专职率为36.05%,城市托幼机构卫生保健人员专职率高于农村(t=6.48,P＜0.05)。全省托幼机构中,幼儿园卫生评价合格率为98.67%,托儿所卫生评价合格率为96.72%,城乡间差异均无统计学意义(χ²=0.000、0.001,P＞0.05)。 结论 根据浙江省托幼机构儿童常见疾病的发生率采取相应的对策,重点关注口腔保健和视力保健,提高托幼机构卫生保健人员的专职率有利于促进儿童卫生保健的提升。

Research onchildren′s health care and current situation in kindergartens in Zhejiang province from 2006 to 2017

Objective In order to further grasp the status of health care in kindergartens,standardize the health care management of children,so as to improve the level of health care in kindergartens in Zhejiang province. Method According to the annual report system of health care in kindergartens in Zhejiang province,the status of children′s health care,the health evaluation and health care personnel in kindergartens in Zhejiang province were investigated from 2006 to 2017. Results The prevalence of dental caries was the highest with the rate of 31.83% in kindergartens in Zhejiang province,followed by poor eyesight,anemia,obesity,malnutrition and amblyopia. The prevalence of anemia and malnutrition of children in kindergartens decreased,while the prevalence of obesity,poor eyesight and dental caries increased from 2006 to 2017. The prevalence rates of anemia and dental caries in urban kindergartens were significantly lower than those in rural areas(t=-3.26,-2.87,P＜0.05),while the prevalence rates of poor eyesight and amblyopia were significantly higher than those in rural areas(Z=-2.98,-2.56,P＜0.05). The rate of full-time health care personnel increased,with the rate of 36.05%. And the rate of full-time health care personnel in urban kindergartens was higher than that in rural areas(t=6.48,P＜0.05). The qualified rates of health evaluation in kindergartens and nurseries in Zhejiang province were 98.67% and 96.72%,respectively,and there was no difference between urban and rural areas(χ²=0.000,0.001,P＞0.05). Conclusions It is suggested to take corresponding countermeasures and focus on oral and visual health according to the incidence of common diseases of children in kindergartens. Meantime,increasing the rate of full-time health care personnel in kindergartens is conducive to promoting the improvement of children′s health care.