中国普通群众视疲劳现况调查与影响因素

目的:调查现阶段我国普通群众视疲劳发生情况及相关影响因素。方法:横断面调查研究。采用问卷调查法,于2006年6月至2017年1月通过现场填写和网上填写的方式对全国范围内的普通群众进行视疲劳调查研究。调查表涵盖了“眼部不舒服”“眼部干涩”等在内的3个维度共计13个条目。结果:在中国24个省163个城市收集了1909份有效问卷。“用眼时感觉到眼部不舒服”和“有眼部干涩”为最常见的2个眼部不适症状,发生率分别为13.28%和16.26%。40岁以上人群眼部不舒服和眼部干涩发生率均显著高于40岁以下人群(χ2=13.359,P<0.001;χ2=9.870,P=0.002)。出现“眼部干涩”症状的人群中,“眼部不舒服”的发生率为44.85%,而出现“眼部不舒服”症状的人群中,54.66%具有“眼部干涩”的表现。2个眼部不适症状有显著相关性(r=0.407,P=0.01)。“出现重影或模糊”与“出现视物模糊,眨眼后又变清晰”为最常见的2个视觉症状,发生率分别为11.51%和11.95%。“难以专心致志、需重复阅读”“感觉阅读速度减慢”为最常见的全身症状,发生率分别为13.05%和13.13%。年龄增加是上述视觉症状和全身症状的危险因素(OR=1.02,P=0.008;OR=1.02,P<0.001)。结论:我国普通群众出现视疲劳各种症状的发生率较高,包括眼部不适症状、视觉症状及全身症状。近距离用眼时间和年龄是影响视疲劳眼部不适症状的重要因素。

Investigation of Asthenopia and Related Factors in the General Public in China

Objective: To investigate the incidence of asthenopia in the general public in China and the factors that influence it. Methods: This was a cross-sectional investigation. A questionnaire was distributed to the general public in China from June 2016 to January 2017 by paper and the internet. The questionnaire included three main dimensions: Eye discomfort, visual symptoms and systemic symptoms. Results: A total of 1 909 valid questionnaires were collected from 163 cities in 24 provinces and were included in this cross-sectional investigation study. The incidence of ocular complaints and dry eye was 13.28% and 16.26%, which were the most common symptoms in the eye discomfort dimension. The incidence of ocular complaints and dry eye was significantly higher in people over 40 years of age than in people below 40 years of age (χ2=13.359, P<0.001;χ2=9.870, P=0.002). Among people who had dry eye, there was a 44.85% incidence of ocular complaints and there was a 54.66% incidence of dry eye among people who had ocular complaints. There was a significant correlation between dry eye and ocular complaints (r=0.407, P=0.01). The incidence of blur and blur that cleared after blinking was 11.51% and 11.95%, respectively, which were the most common symptoms in the visual symptom dimension. The incidence of hard to focus and forgetful, and slower reading speed were 13.05% and 13.13%, respectively, which were the most common symptoms in the systemic symptom dimension. Age was significantly related to these symptoms (OR=1.02, P=0.008;OR=1.02, P<0.001). Conclusions: The incidence of different asthenopia symptoms in the general public in China is high, including eye discomfort, visual symptoms and systemic symptoms. Age and amount of time working at near distance are important factors for eye discomfort. Age is the important factor for the visual and systemic symptoms of asthenopia.