猫爪草提取部位及有效成分抗肿瘤作用的研究进展

猫爪草Ranunculus ternatus Thunb.作为一种天然低毒的抗肿瘤药物受到重视，对其提取部位及有效成分抗肿瘤机制形成了一定认识。药理研究发现猫爪草的主要化学成分为皂苷类、脂肪酸类、多糖类、醇及酯类、挥发油类、黄酮类、生物碱及微量元素等成分，其中皂苷类、多糖类、脂肪酸类、醇及酯类是其重要的抗肿瘤活性成分，其抗肿瘤的主要机制有调节机体免疫功能、抑制肿瘤生长增殖、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、减少氧化应激损伤。在肝癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、甲状腺癌、恶性淋巴瘤、子宫肌瘤的防治过程中，具有多成分、多途径、多效应的特点。对猫爪草在抗肿瘤治疗中的有效成分及作用机制作一概述，为进一步完善抗肿瘤研究以及新剂型开发与临床利用提供依据。

Research progress on anti-tumor effect of extracted parts and active components of Ranunculus ternatus

As a natural and low-toxic anti-tumor drug, Ranunculus ternatus has been paid attention to, and a certain understanding of its extracted parts and anti-tumor mechanism of its active components has been formed. Pharmacological studies have found that the main chemical components are saponins, fatty acids, polysaccharides, alcohols and esters, volatile oils, flavonoids, alkaloids and trace elements, among which saponins, polysaccharides, fatty acids, alcohols and esters are important anti-tumor components. The main mechanisms of its anti-tumor are regulating immune function, inhibiting tumor growth and proliferation, inducing tumor cell apoptosis and reducing oxidative stress injury. It has the characteristics of multi-component, multi-pathway and multi-effect in the prevention and treatment of liver cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, thyroid cancer, malignant lymphoma and uterine leiomyoma. This paper summarizes the effective components and mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicine Ranunculus ternatus in anti-tumor therapy, in order to provide a basis for further improving the anti-tumor research,development and clinical utilization of new dosage forms.