脑瘫的病因学研究进展

脑性瘫痪的发病原因多样、机制复杂,疾病的发生与多种病因相关。目前认为,直接病因为脑损伤和发育缺陷,由多种高危发病因素所导致。常见的高危因素可归纳为产前因素,如孕期宫内感染、遗传因素、多胎妊娠、胎儿宫内发育迟缓、胎儿先天性畸形等；产时因素,如窒息、早产等；产后因素,如新生儿高胆红素血症、颅脑损伤等；其他危险因素,如母亲状况、社会及环境因素、辅助生殖技术等。其中早产、孕期感染和遗传被认为是脑瘫发病的三大因素,并且三者之间相互影响、相互促进。

Research progress on the etiology of cerebral palsy

The causes and mechanisms of cerebral palsy are complex and diverse, and the occurrence of the disease is related to multiple causes. It is currently believed that the direct cause is brain damage and developmental defects, which are caused by a variety of high-risk factors. Common high-risk factors can be roughly summarized as prenatal factors, such as infection during pregnancy, genetic factors, multiple pregnancy, intrauterine growth retardation, congenital malformations; perinatal factors, such as asphyxia, preterm delivery; postpartum factors, such as neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, craniocerebral injuries; other risk factors, such as maternal conditions, social and environmental factors, assisted reproductive technology. Among them, preterm delivery, infection and heredity are considered to be the three major factors of cerebral palsy, and they influence and promote each other.