儿童上消化道异物所致并发症及其危险因素分析

目的 探讨儿童上消化道异物引起的并发症及相关危险因素。方法 收集2014年1月至2018年12月门诊或住院治疗的上消化道异物患儿772例的临床资料进行分析，通过多因素logistic回归分析上消化道异物患儿发生并发症的危险因素。结果 772例患儿异物均由电子胃镜取出，男414例，女358例，中位年龄2.8岁。消化道异物主要发生在年龄 < 3岁婴幼儿组（59.5%）；异物主要分布于食管段（57.5%）和胃内（28.9%）；异物滞留时间≤24 h 465例（60.2%）， > 24 h 307例（39.8%）。异物的类型主要为圆形金属异物（37.2%）、长条形异物（24.7%）、尖锐异物（16.2%）、电池（14.4%）、腐蚀性物质（4.8%）和磁铁（2.7%）。根据并发症发生情况分为轻度并发症（368例，47.7%）、严重并发症（98例，12.7%）及无并发症（306例，39.6%）。经logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄 < 3岁、基础疾病、异物位置、异物类型、异物滞留时间 > 24 h是引起上消化道异物并发症发生的危险因素（分别OR=2.141、7.373、6.658、8.892、6.376，P < 0.05）。结论 通过对上述导致消化道异物并发症的高危因素地了解，在临床上及时准确地选择恰当的干预方式，可降低各类严重并发症的发生。

Complications of upper gastrointestinal foreign body in children and related risk factors

Objective To study the complications of upper gastrointestinal foreign body in children and related risk factors. Methods Clinical data were collected from 772 children with upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies who were treated at the outpatient service or were hospitalized from January 2014 to December 2018. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for the development of complications in children with upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies. Results The upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies were taken out by electronic endoscopy for the 772 children. There were 414 boys and 358 girls, with a median age of 2.8 years. Children under 3 years old accounted for 59.5%. The foreign bodies were mainly observed in the esophagus (57.5%) and the stomach (28.9%), with a retention time of ≤ 24 hours in 465 children (60.2%) and > 24 hours in 307 children (39.8%). The types of upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies mainly included round metal foreign bodies (37.2%), long foreign bodies (24.7%), sharp foreign bodies (16.2%), batteries (14.4%), corrosive substances (4.8%), and magnets (2.7%). As for the severity of complications, 47.7% (368 children) had mild complications, 12.7% (98 children) had serious complications, and 39.6% (306 children) had no complications. The logistic regression analysis showed that an age of < 3 years, underlying diseases, location of foreign body, type of foreign body, and a retention time of > 24 hours were risk factors for the development of complications in these children (OR=2.141, 7.373, 6.658, 8.892, and 6.376 respectively, P < 0.05). Conclusions An understanding of the above high-risk factors for the complications of upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies is helpful to choose appropriate intervention methods and thus reduce the incidence of serious complications.