母乳喂养对宫内发育迟缓儿胰岛素敏感性影响的随访研究

目的 探讨宫内发育迟缓（IUGR）儿胰岛素敏感性和血清脂联素水平，随访研究母乳喂养对胰岛素敏感性的影响。方法 选择2014年10月至2018年10月住院的足月IUGR儿为IUGR组（106例），同期出生足月适于胎龄儿（AGA）为AGA组（90例），记录出生体重、身长，生后7 d检测血清空腹血糖（FG）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、胰岛素（INS）和脂联素水平，计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）。将IUGR组按照实际喂养方式，分为母乳喂养组（37例）和配方奶喂养组（42例），于3月龄、6月龄追踪复测上述血清指标和生长指数。结果 与AGA组比较，IUGR组血清胰岛素、HOMA-IR增高，脂联素水平降低，差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。母乳喂养和配方奶喂养组IUGR儿生后7 d、3月龄、6月龄生长指数、血清FG、TG、LDL和HDL水平差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。母乳喂养组血清INS、HOMA-IR水平随母乳喂养时间延长而降低，脂联素水平随母乳喂养时间延长而增高（P < 0.05）。结论 IUGR儿生后早期胰岛素敏感性下降，母乳喂养可改善IUGR儿胰岛素敏感性。

Effect of breastfeeding on insulin sensitivity in infants with intrauterine growth retardation: a follow-up study

Objective To study insulin sensitivity and the serum level of adiponectin in infants with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and the effect of breastfeeding on the insulin sensitivity through a follow-up study. Methods A total of 106 full-term IUGR infants who were hospitalized from October 2014 to October 2018 were enrolled as the IUGR group, and 90 full-term appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants who were born during the same period of time were enrolled as the AGA group. Birth weight and body length were recorded. Serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), insulin, and adiponectin were measured on day 7 after birth. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. According to the feeding pattern, the IUGR group was further divided into a breastfeeding group with 37 infants and a formula feeding group with 42 infants. The above serum indices and growth indices were also measured at the age of 3 and 6 months. Results Compared with the AGA group, the IUGR group had significantly increased levels in serum insulin and HOMA-IR and a significantly decreased level of adiponectin (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the breastfeeding and formula feeding groups in growth indices and serum levels of FBG, TG, LDL, and HDL on day 7 after birth and at the ages of 3 and 6 months (P > 0.05). In the breastfeeding group, serum insulin and HOMA-IR decreased and adiponectin level increased over the time of breastfeeding (P < 0.05). Conclusions Insulin sensitivity decreases in the early stage after birth in IUGR infants, and breastfeeding can improve insulin sensitivity.