过敏原免疫治疗在临床研究和应用中的若干问题探讨

过敏原免疫治疗(AIT)是针对常见过敏原(如尘螨、花粉等)致敏引起的Ⅰ型变态反应疾病的对因疗法，通过至少3年反复皮下注射(SCIT)或舌下含服(SLIT)过敏原提取物，使机体达到对致敏原的特异性耐受，从而改善过敏相关症状，提高患者生活质量，并在停止治疗后多年仍能维持长期疗效。数十年的临床试验和研究证明AIT具有独特的诱导耐受机制，是目前唯一可能改变变态反应疾病自然进程的治疗手段。因此，进一步推广和加强其临床应用势在必行。

Several issues in the clinical research and application of allergen immunotherapy

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is an etiological treatment for IgE-mediated allergic diseases caused by sensitization to common allergens, such as dust mites and pollens. It involves the administration of gradually increasing dosages of allergen extract through repeated subcutaneous injections or sublingual routes, followed by a maintenance phase lasting at least 3 years. This therapeutic approach effectively alleviates patients’ allergic symptoms, improves their quality of life, and sustains its long-lasting efficacy even after discontinuation. The clinical trials and researches conducted in the past decades have unequivocally demonstrated that AIT possesses a distinctive mechanism for inducing tolerance, making it currently the sole targeted approach capable of altering the natural progression of allergic diseases. Therefore, its further promotion and reinforcement in clinical application is imperative.