精神运动康复对住院青壮年精神分裂症患者康复的效果

背景 精神分裂症患者的康复主要依靠药物治疗，然而，单纯药物治疗对患者社会功能和生活质量的改善难以达到预期效果。近年来，非药物康复措施越来越多地应用于精神障碍的治疗中，但关于精神运动康复对住院青壮年精神分裂症患者康复效果影响的研究有限。目的 探讨精神运动康复对住院青壮年精神分裂症患者康复效果的影响，以期为住院青壮年精神分裂症患者的康复治疗提供参考。方法 选取2021年6月—2022年6月在芜湖市第四人民医院住院治疗的、符合《国际疾病分类（第10版）》（ICD-10）精神分裂症诊断标准的104例青壮年患者为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各52例。研究组和对照组均接受利培酮（2~4 mg/d）治疗及常规护理，研究组此基础上接受为期12周、每周2~3次、每次45~55 min的精神运动康复，对照组在研究结束后接受相同干预。于干预前、干预第4、8、12周接受阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）、 住院精神病人社会功能评定量表（SSPI）和自知力与治疗态度问卷（ITAQ）评定。结果 PANSS阳性症状分量表评分、阴性症状分量表评分、一般精神病理分量表评分、总评分、SSPI评分以及ITAQ评分的时间效应均有统计学意义（F=33.989、204.245、82.817、279.596、26.144、7.463，P均<0.01）；PANSS阴性症状分量表评分、一般精神病理分量表评分、总评分和SSPI评分以及ITAQ评分的组间效应均有统计学意义（F=30.053、5.306、33.417、33.013、18.608，P<0.05或0.01）；PANSS阳性症状分量表评分、阴性症状分量表评分、一般精神病理分量表评分、总评分和SSPI评分的时间与组间交互效应均有统计学意义（F=3.472、9.798、3.843、14.390、20.661，P<0.05或0.01）。干预第12周，研究组PANSS总评分及各分量表评分均低于干预前，SSPI评分高于干预前，差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.01），且研究组PANSS总评分及各分量表评分均低于对照组，SSPI评分高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.01）。结论 精神运动康复可能有助于改善住院青壮年精神分裂症患者的精神病性症状和社会功能，提高康复效果。

Rehabilitation effects of psychomotor therapy on young and middle-aged schizophrenic inpatients

Background Rehabilitation for schizophrenia typically relies on pharmacological interventions， yet their efficacy in improving social function and quality of life remains limited. In recent years， non-pharmacological approaches have shown promise in enhancing rehabilitation outcomes. However， research on the effectiveness of psychomotor therapy specifically for young and middle-aged schizophrenic inpatients is limited.Objective To explore the effects of psychomotor therapy on the rehabilitation of young and middle-aged schizophrenic inpatients， and to provide a reference for treatment strategies.Methods A total of 104 young and middle-aged schizophrenic inpatients who met the International Classification of Diseases，tenth edition （ICD-10） diagnostic criteria and hospitalized in the Fourth People''s Hospital of Wuhu from June 2021 to June 2022 were selected. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 52 each using random number table method. Both groups received treatment with risperidone tablets （2~4 mg/d） ， along with routine nursing care. Additionally， the research group received an extra 45~55 minutes of psychomotor therapy 2~3 times per week for 12 weeks. The control group received the same psychomotor therapy after the study. Positive and Negative Symptom Scale （PANSS）， Scales of Social-skills for Psychiatric Inpatient （SSPI） and Insight and Treatment Attitude Questionnaire （ITAQ） were used to assess the patients before the intervention and at 4^th， 8^th and 12^th week after the intervention.Results The main effects of intervention at different time points for PANSS positive symptoms， negative symptoms and general psychopathology subscale scores， PANSS total score， SSPI score and ITAQ score were all statistically significant （F=33.989， 204.245， 82.817， 279.596， 26.144， 7.463， P<0.01）. Furthermore， statistically significant between-group differences were observed in PANSS negative symptoms and general psychopathology subscale scores， PANSS total score， SSPI score and ITAQ score （F=30.053， 5.306， 33.417， 33.013， 18.608， P<0.05 or 0.01）. Moreover， the interaction effect of time and group were statistically significant for PANSS positive symptoms， negative symptoms and general psychopathology subscale score， PANSS total score and SSPI score （F=3.472， 9.798， 3.843， 14.390， 20.661， P<0.05 or 0.01）. After 12 weeks of intervention， the research group exhibited statistically significantly lower PANSS total score and subscale scores compared with baseline （P<0.01）， while their SSPI total score was significantly higher than that of control group（P<0.01）. Additionally， compared with the control group， the research group had statistically significantly lower PANSS total score and subscale scores ， while their SSPI score was statistically significantly higher than those of control group（P<0.01）.Conclusion Psychomotor therapy may contribute to the improvement of the psychiatric symptoms and social function in young and middle-aged inpatients with schizophrenia， enhancing their rehabilitation outcomes. ［Funded by Health Commission Scientific Research Project of Wuhu （number， WHWJ2021y073）］