线索诱发海洛因依赖者心理渴求及相关因素分析

目的　了解环境线索对海洛因依赖者心理渴求的影响及其相关因素。方法　380名戒断 期海洛因依赖者暴露于海洛因相关环境线索,测量暴露前后血压、心率、瞳孔,Likert分级法记录暴露前 后的渴求程度,完成自编诱发后戒断反应问卷及自编毒品使用情况和一般社会学资料。采用配对t检 验,比较暴露前后渴求程度及心率、血压等生理指标的变化,运用逐步回归分析与线索诱发渴求相关的 指标。结果　暴露后渴求、心率、血压及瞳孔均明显高于暴露前,差别有极显著意义(分别为t= -15.02,-14.23,-8.12,-5.03,-14.65,P<0.01)。诱发渴求与毒品依赖自评分值、诱发后心率及 主观戒断反应呈正相关,与成瘾时间呈成负相关。结论　环境线索可以使戒断期海洛因依赖者心理渴 求明显增加,依赖自评分值、诱发后心率、主观戒断反应及成瘾时间均与诱发渴求程度相关。

An analysis on cue-elicited heroin craving and the related factors

Objective: To understand the effect of environmental cues on craving in heroin addicts and the related factors. Methods: 380 heroin addicts were exposed to heroin-related cues. Likert Scale was used to evaluate cue-elicited heroin craving. Some physiological indexes were measured before and after the exposure. All the subjects filled the questionnaire of subjective withdrawal reaction, drug using and demographic data. Paired t-test was adopted to compare the differences of craving and physiological indexes before and after the exposure. The related factors to cue-elicited heroin craving were screened by step-wise regression. Results: After the exposure, such indexes as craving, heart rate, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and pupil of all the subjects increased significantly than those before the exposure, which was of great significance (P<0.01). By step-wise regression, we found these factors including subjective withdrawal reaction, heart rate after the exposure and the score of drug dependence self-evaluation were positively correlated with cue-elicited heroin craving. However, the beginning time of addiction was negatively correlated with it. Conclusion: Craving can be elicited by heroin-related cues. Some factors are correlated with cue-elicited heroin craving.