小瓣环主动脉瓣替换手术的策略

目的　探讨小瓣环主动脉瓣病变行主动脉瓣替换加瓣环扩大手术的中、远期疗效。方法　对 45例小瓣环主动脉瓣病变患者在主动脉瓣替换时 ,进行瓣环扩大手术。术中探查主动脉瓣瓣环直径 15～ 2 2mm。瓣环扩大方法为Manouguian法 39例 ,Nicks法 5例 ,Konno法 1例。术后患者随访时间为 ( 6 2± 3 4 )年。　结果　本组患者手术死亡 2例 ,无严重的出血并发症 ;平均输血量为376 5ml,11例术后未输血 ;随访无远期死亡。左心室舒张末径较术前有显著缩小 ,而不同瓣环的血液动力学结果差异无显著性。患者NYHA心功能术后较术前明显改善。　结论　小瓣环主动脉瓣病变患者进行主动脉瓣替换的同时 ,应用Manouguian法扩大瓣环 ,近、远期效果良好 ,无血液动力学意义的跨瓣压差 ,是一种安全、有效的术式。

Long-term follow-up of enlargement annulus aortic valve replacement in small aortic root

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term survival of patients after aortic valve replacement with enlarged annulus. METHODS: From July 1988 to December 2001, the annulus was enlarged in 45 patients. The enlargement techniques included Manouguian's (39 patients), Nicks's (5) and konno's (1). Doppler echocardiography was performed in 43 patients one month after operation. Left ventricular outflow gradient was derived from continuous Doppler measurements of flow velocity, and effective orifice area was calculated by the continuity equation. RESULTS: The operative mortality was 4.4% (2/45) in this group. One patient died of ventricular fibrillation and the other, lower output syndrome. All patients were followed up with a cumulative follow-up period of 6.2 years. Neither valve-related deaths nor valve-related complications occurred. 97.6% survivors (42/43) belonged to NYHA class I-II, and 2.4% (1/43), class III. No significant differences were observed in hemodynamic performance of differently sized prostheses for each valve type. CONCLUSIONS: Patient-prosthesis mismatch with heart valve prostheses as demonstrated by the indexed effective orifice area can be avoided by use of Manouguian's annulus enlarging techniques. The hemodynamic performance of these aortic valve prostheses is satisfactory.