跟踪式卫生宣教在COPD患者康复过程中的作用

目的 探讨护理干预组缓解期慢性阻塞性肺气肿（COPD）患者气短症状、神经精神症状、血气、肺功能等指标的影响。方法将80例缓解期COPD患者随机分为两组（干预组和对照组）。干预组：出院时护士对患者进行健康宣教，内容：强调COPD疾病的病因、过程、诱发因素，坚持康复锻炼、氧疗、戒烟、加强营养、坚持正确药物治疗的重要性。护士每个月进行随访，时间为1年；对照组常规出院卫生宣教，内容同干预组。分别对两组患者于出院后6个月、9个月、1年的血气、肺功能指标进行比较，同时对两组患者1年后的一般情况、气短、神经精神症状及对出院时宣教内容的掌握进行评估。结果干预组的COPD患者经护理干预后对COPD疾病的认知程度率明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）；且明显改善了气短症状和肺功能，提高了患者的生活质量。结论对COPD患者实施护理干预可提高患者对COPD疾病的病因、治疗、诱发因素等的了解；是改善患者气短症状、神经精神症状、血气、肺功能等的有效措施。

The Effect of Follow-up Health Education for COPD Patients during Recovery Stage

Objective To investigate the influence of nursing intervention on the symptoms such as short of breath,mental condition,blood gas and pulmonary function in COPD patients.Methods Eighty COPD patients during recovery stage were divided into intervention and control groups.Patients in the intervention group received health education when and after they were discharged.The contents of health education included etiology,process and inducing factors of COPD,constant rehabilitation exercises,oxygen therapy,giving up smoking,improving nutrition,and drug therapy.These patients were followed up by the nurses once a month.The same health education were given to the patients in the control group only when they were discharged.Blood gas analysis,pulmonary function test and overall estimation were made at 6,9 and 12 months after they were discharged in both groups.The general condition,short of breath,mental and nerval symptoms,and the level of knowledge being educated when discharged were evaluated in the 2 groups one year after discharge.Results Compared to the patients in the control group,the level of knowledge of COPD in the intervention group was markedly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Symptoms of COPD such as short of breath,pulmonary function and quality of life in the intervention group patients improved significantly.Conclusion Nursing interventions to COPD patients could improve symptoms of COPD such as short of breath,mental condition,blood gas and pulmonary function.