北京市276例低出生体重儿影响因素的配对病例对照研究

目的探讨北京市产妇孕前和孕期各种因素对低出生体重的影响,为预防和减少低出生体重的发生及制定干预措施提供依据。方法采用1∶1配对病例对照的研究方法,对2010年7月至2011年12月间在北京市海淀区妇幼保健院出生的276例低出生体重儿及其对照新生儿母亲进行问卷调查,并用条件logistic回归对影响低出生体重发生的有关因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果产妇日常膳食结构均衡和产前检查次数>8次与低出生体重发生危险降低有关,OR值分别为0.44和0.28;而孕期体重增加偏少(≤10kg)、有孕早期先兆流产、有妊娠合并症,以及有胎盘或胎膜异常与低出生体重发生危险增加有关,OR值在2.31～3.04之间。结论低出生体重的发生是多因素联合作用所致,应有计划、有针对性、有重点地实施干预措施。

A matched case-control study on related factors of low birth weight infants in Beijing municipality

Objective To investigate the related factors of low birth weight (LBW) infants and to provide the scientific evidence of reducing the birth rate of LBW. Methods A 1∶ 1 matched case-control study, with 276 pairs of LBW infants and normal birth weight infants involved, was performed in Haidian Maternal and Children’s Health Care Hospital of Beijing during July 2010 to December 2011. Conditional logistic regression was used for the analysis of single and multiple factors related to LBW. Results The protective factors of LBW were mothers with balanced diet and more than 8 times of antenatal examinations, the OR were 0.44 and 0.28 respectively. The risk factors of LBW were gaining less than 10kg during pregnancy, with history of vaginal bleeding in first trimester of pregnancy, with pregnancy complications and abnormal conditions of placental or membrane, and the OR were between 2.31 to 3.04. Conclusions The incidence of LBW is associated with many factors. The intervention measures with specific and targeted plan to prevent these risk factors should be effective to reduce the incidence of LBW.