Albuminuria: Prevalence,associated risk factors and relationship with cardiovascular disease |
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| Authors: | Fang Chen Wenying Yang Jianping Weng Weiping Jia Linong Ji Jianzhong Xiao Zhongyan Shan Jie Liu Haoming Tian Qiuhe Ji Dalong Zhu Jiapu Ge Lixiang Lin Li Chen Xiaohui Guo Zhigang Zhao Qiang Li Zhiguang Zhou Guangliang Shan Juming Lu the China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study Group |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chinese PLA General Hospital, , Beijing, China;2. China–Japan Friendship Hospital, , Beijing, China;3. Sun Yat‐sen University Third Hospital, , Guangzhou, China;4. Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, , Shanghai, China;5. Peking University People's Hospital, , Beijing, China;6. First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese Medical University, , Shenyang, Liaoning, China;7. Shanxi Province People's Hospital, , Taiyuan, Shanxi, China;8. West China Hospital, Sichuan University, , Chengdu, Sichuan, China;9. Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China;10. The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, , Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;11. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region's Hospital, , Urmqi, Xinjiang, China;12. Fujian Provincial Hospital, , Fuzhou, Fujiang, China;13. Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, , Jinan, Shandong, China;14. Peking University First Hospital, , Beijing, China;15. Henan Province People's Hospital, , Zhengzhou, Henan, China;16. Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, , Harbin, Heilongjiang, China;17. Xiangya Second Hospital, , Changsha, Hunan, China;18. Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, , Beijing, China |
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| Abstract: | Aims/IntroductionTo investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of microalbuminuria, and to explore the relationship between albuminuria and cardiovascular disease (CVD).Materials and MethodsA nationally representative sample of 38,203 Chinese participants was categorized by different levels of urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (ACR; 0 –10 mg/g, 10 –20 mg/g, 20 –30 mg/g, 30 –300 mg/g). The prevalence of albuminuria was compared by using a single urinary ACR cut‐off point and by sex‐specific ACR cut‐off points. Factors associated with the presence of albuminuria, and the relationship between albuminuria and CVD were analyzed by logistic regression.ResultsPrevalence of albuminuria as measured by a single ACR cut‐point was significantly lower for men compared with women (13.9% vs 19.1% in the normal glucose tolerance group; 20.8% vs 26.8% in the impaired glucose tolerance group, P < 0.01). The prevalence of albuminuria, as measured by sex‐specific ACR cut‐points, was higher for men than women (31.4% vs 29.6% in the normal glucose tolerance group; 42.2% vs 39.3% in the impaired glucose tolerance group, P < 0.01). The independent risk factors for the presence of albuminuria were aging, female sex, hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The subdivided normal ACR group did not show a linear or statistically significant relationship with CVD after adjusting for conventional CVD risk factors (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe prevalence of albuminuria was high in the general Chinese population. Aging, female sex, hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity and metabolic syndrome were all independent risk factors for albuminuria. The causal relationship between ACR and CVD might require further follow‐up investigation. |
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| Keywords: | Albuminuria Diabetes mellitus Cardiovascular disease |
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