中国六城市日托幼儿园儿童的膳食营养状况

为了解学龄前儿童中潜在缺乏的营养素 ,于 1 998～ 1 999年在北京、上海、广州、成都、长沙和大连分别选择 1～ 2所中等水平的日托幼儿园 ,调查了儿童的膳食营养状况。选择 1 1 70名 3～ 6岁健康儿童 ,其中男 583名 ,女 587名 ,使用称重法连续记录三天在幼儿园内的食物消耗量 ,同时由其看护人提供园外膳食记录 ,使用我国食物成分表计算每个儿童的营养素摄入量。每个年龄组的平均能量、蛋白质、铁、视黄醇、维生素E、硫胺素、核黄素和烟酸的摄入量是适宜的。但是脂肪提供的能量占总能量的百分比超过了建议的高限值。儿童一日能量摄入量在每餐中的分配比例趋势是早餐低 ,晚餐和园外零食高。钙磷比值严重倒置 ,平均值为 0 63 ,钙的摄入量仅达到推荐摄入量的 61 6 % ,而儿童的食盐摄入量较高 ,与适宜摄入量相差较大。锌的平均摄入量达到推荐摄入量的 62 9%。各年龄组维生素C摄入量均低于其推荐摄入量。结果提示 ,在我国城市儿童的膳食中 ,长期某些微量营养素的供给不足或偏食可能与城市日托儿童的生长发育状况与国际标准或发达国家仍有较大差距有关

Dietary status of preschool children from day-care kindergartens in six cites of China

In order to highlight nutrients of potential concern on deficiency for the age groups under study, the dietary status of preschool children were studied in the kindergartens of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Changsha and Dalian in 1998-1999. All the children who regularly attended the kindergarten, who were in the age range of 3-6 year old and generally health were considered eligible for enrollment in this study. The final results included a total of 1170 children, with 583 boys and 587 girls.Food weighing method was used in consecutive three day dietary survey by recording breakfast, lunch and afternoon refreshments in kindergarten. Questionnaire form was applied to record the other food consumption outside of the kindergarten. Nutrient intakes of per child were calculated according to the Chinese Food composition Table. The average energy, protein, iron, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin E, thiamin, riboflavin, and nicotinic acid intakes were adequate in each group. The dietary energy provided by fat was near to the high marginal (30%), which indicated that more fat intake should be avoided in these children. The ratio of energy provided by each meal per day was lower in the breakfast and higher in the dinner and foods consumed at home. The average ratio of calcium to phosphorus for 3-6 years was 0.63. A deficiency of calcium is rather common, and the intake of calcium accounted for only 61.6% of the recommended nutrient intake(RNI). Salt intake was relatively higher than that of adequate intake recommended by Chinese Nutritional Society. The zinc intake reached 62.9% of RNIs. Vitamin C intakes from each age of groups did not meet their RNI. The present study indicates that the deficiencies of some trace nutrients in the diets for preschool children in day care kindergartens is probably related to that the body weight and height of preschool children have not achieved a "satisfactory" level.