原发性肺部小血管炎16例

目的了解小儿原发性肺部小血管炎的临床特点及诊断要点,减少误诊率。方法对原发性肺部小血管炎患者16例的病理检查、抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)检测、肺损害临床表现、影像学及误诊情况进行回顾性分析。结果16例中显微镜下多动脉炎(MPA)9例,韦格内氏肉芽肿病(WG)4例,变应性肉芽肿性血管炎(CCS)3例;ANCA阳性率75%;肺损害临床表现有干咳、胸痛、胸闷、咯血、呼吸困难等;胸部X线表现为多发斑片状或点状阴影、结节影、大片高密度阴影或团块影、网格状影及空洞形成。应用肾上腺皮质激素和环磷酰胺治疗后10例好转,其中8例胸片正常。放弃治疗、死亡各3例。结论小儿原发性肺部小血管炎临床表现复杂多样,诊断困难,误诊率高,应引起临床医师重视。

Sixteen Cases of Primary Small Vessel Vasculitis with Involvement of Lungs

Objective To understand the clinical characteristics of primary small vessel vasculitis with involvement of lungs in children and analyze the causes of misdiagnosis.Methods Clinical data from 16 patients with primary small vessel vasculitis were collected and their pathological,antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA),pulmonary lesion manifestations,image and misdiagnosis were further analyzed.Results Among 16 cases,9 cases were microscopic polyarateritis(MPA) and 4 cases were Wegeners granulomatosis(WG) and 3 cases were Churg-Strause syndrome(CSS).The ages of onset were from 3 to 14 years old with average age of 7.5 years old.Seventy-five percent(12/16) were ANCA positive.The patients with lung involvement had cough,chest pain,dyspnea,hemoptasis and asthma.Findings on lung X-ray films were variable.Some showed multiple patch shadows,others showed single or multiple masses or nodular shadows with or without cavity formation.After the treatments with corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide,10 cases turned better;including 8 cases with normal on lung X-ray films.Three cases given up;3 cases died.Conclusion It is very difficult to make diagnosis of primary small vessel vasculitis with involvement of lungs and should be paid more attentions to this issue.