四氧化三铅亚急性毒性及致突变作用

目的研究四氧化三铅(Pb3O4)的亚急性毒性和致突变作用,为其在航天固体推进剂中的应用及防护提供毒理学依据。方法毒性试验选用不同性别的昆明种小鼠33只,随机分为2 500,5 000 mg/kgPb3O42个剂量组和1个对照组,小鼠隔日经口染毒35 d。致突变试验选用Ames试验、微核试验和精子畸形试验。结果毒性试验观察,小鼠食量减少,体形消瘦,以高剂量组尤为明显,染毒至第5周高剂量组体重增重呈负增长,且低于染毒前的体重水平(P<0.01)。肾、脾、肺脏器系数,低剂量组(1.57%,0.74%,0.83%)、高剂量组(1.72%,0.89%,0.90%)分别与对照组(1.05%,0.47%,0.63%)比较,差异均有显著性(P<0.05,P<0.01)。血红蛋白(Hb)含量,低剂量组(111.91 g/L)、高剂量组(106.70 g/L)均明显低于对照组(141.90 g/L,P<0.01)。血清丙氨酸转氨酶高剂量组(130.24 U/L)与对照组(58.38 U/L)比较,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01)。病理检查,低、高剂量组肝细胞和肾小管上皮细胞有轻度水样变性和颗粒变性。致突变试验,Ames试验结果为阴性,微核试验和精子畸形试验结果均为阳性。结论四氧化三铅亚急性染毒,可引起小鼠生长受抑制,Hb含量下降,对肝、肾功能及结构均造成一定毒性的损害。致突变试验表明,四氧化三铅具有一定的遗传毒性。

Study on Sub-acute Toxicity and Mutagenicity in Mice Caused by Lead Tetraoxide

Objective To study the sub-acute toxicity and mutagenicity of lead tetraoxide in mice.Methods Experimental mice were divided into 3 groups:one control group and two experiment groups.The latter groups were administered orally with lead tetraoxide(2 500,(5 000 mg/kg) respectively)once every other day for 35 days.Ames test,micronucleus test and sperm deformation test were selected for mutagenic observation.Results The group received high dose lead tetraoxide showed decrease in their appetite and body weight.The organic coefficients of kidney,spleen,and lung of mice in low(1.57,0.74,0.83%),and high dose groups(1.72%,0.89%,0.90%)were higher than those of the control group(1.05%,0.47%,0.63%),P<0.05 or P<0.01.Hemoglobin of mice in low(111.91 g/L),and high dose groups((106.70 g/L))were lower than those of the control group(141.90 g/L),P<0.01.ALT of mice in high dose group(130.24 U/L)was higher than that of the control group((58.38 U/L)),P<0.01.Histopathology examination showed that slight hydropic degeneration and particle degeneration of hepatic cell and renal tubule epithelia of mice in low and high dose groups were found.The results of Ames test showed negative,but the results of micronucleus test and sperm deformation test were positive.Conclusions Lead tetraoxide could induce grown restraint and hemoglobin decrease of mice,and could cause toxicity damage of function and structure of liver and kidney in mice.Lead tetraoxide might have certain mutagenicity.