2003-2014年重庆市少数民族地区 艾滋病流行特征分析

摘要:目的　了解2003-2014年重庆市少数民族地区艾滋病流行状况，为制定防治策略提供依据。方法　从全国艾滋病综合防治数据信息系统导出报告病例相关历史卡片，用Excel 2007建立数据库，采用SPSS17.0进行描述性分析。结果　截至2014年底，重庆市少数民族地区累计报告HIV/AIDS636例，其中AIDS病人179例，累计死亡175例；少数民族感染者占49.7%，15～49岁青壮年占78.0%，50岁及以上感染者占20.9%；异性传播和男男同性传播分别占64.8%、10.4%；经注射吸毒感染的比例呈降低趋势；医疗机构检测发现（46.5%）所占比例高于疾控机构检测发现（44.0%）。结论　重庆市少数民族地区处于艾滋病低流行期，性接触已成为主要传播途径，15～49岁青壮年是主要感染人群，50岁以上感染者呈增加趋势，应采取多种针对性措施控制艾滋病经性途径传播。

Epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS in Chongqing minority areas,2003-2014

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Chongqing minority areas from 2013 to 2014 and to provide the scientific evidence for developing an intervention strategy. Methods Basic database of cases was collected from the national AIDS comprehensive data information system, and data were examined and analyzed by software SPSS 17.0. Results By the end of 2014, a total of 636 cases had been reported accumulatively. 179 of them were AIDS patients, and 49.7% were minority. The proportion of cases aged from 15 to 49 was 78.0%. Heterosexual and male homosexual transmission of infection accounted for 64.8% and 10.4%, respectively. The transmission of injection drug use was decreasing. Positive samples from hospital regular check and the center for disease control and prevention (CDC) accounted for 46.5% and 44.0%, respectively. Conclusion The present prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS is low in Chongqing minority areas. The heterosexual and male homosexual transmission is the major route. Main infected cases were aged from 15 to 49, while the proportion of age above 50 is rising. Multiple targeted strategies should be adopted to control the sexual transmission.