负压闭式引流加内固定治疗肢体开放性骨折

目的　探讨负压闭式引流 (VS)加一期内固定治疗开放性肢体骨折伴软组织污损的效果。　方法2 0 0 0年 5月～ 2 0 0 2年 11月对 14例 (18个创面 )开放性肢体骨折并软组织广泛污损患者进行了治疗 ,面积 10 cm×15 cm～ 2 5 cm× 90 cm,无其他头、胸、腹合并伤。其中男 9例 ,女 5例。年龄 15～ 6 8岁。受伤至手术时间 :2～ 9小时 30分钟。创面中度污染 12个 ,重度以上污染 6个。手术彻底清创 ,骨折经钢板或交锁髓内钉内固定后 ,缺损创面用多聚乙烯醇 -明胶海绵高分子复合材料 (Vacuseal)覆盖封闭 ,术后接 5 0～ 6 0 k Pa的负压 ,5～ 7天后行植皮或皮瓣修复。另选伤情、创面大致相同 ,用传统换药二期内固定手术方法治疗的 14例患者作为对照组。　结果　 VS治疗组创面均完全愈合 ,无全身及局部并发症 ,随访 4～ 6个月骨折愈合良好。与对照组比较 ,治疗时间、住院总体费用及并发症发生率等均明显降低 ,差异有统计学意义 (P<0 .0 1)。　结论　VS使创面引流充分 ,降低感染发生率 ,刺激肉芽生长 ,配合一期内固定治疗开放性骨折伴软组织广泛污损创面是一种简便、有效、经济实用的方法。

TREATMENT OF OPEN FRACTURE BY VACUUM SEALING TECHNIQUE AND INTERNAL FIXATION

Objective To investigate the effect of vacuum sealing(VS) technique and emergency internal fixation on the management of limbs open fracture and soft tissue dirty defects. Methods Fourteen patients (18 limbs) with open fracture and soft tissue dirty defects were treated by the VS technique and internal fixation after debridement and 14 patients managed by traditional method as control group. Wound surface were covered with polyvinyl alcohol foams with embedded drainage tubes connected with vacuum bottle (negative pressure of 50 to 60 kPa) after wound surface were debrided and fracture were fixed. Wound closure was performed with secondary suturing, or free flap, or loco- regional flap and mesh-grafts after 5 to 7 days. Results All wound surface healed completely. No complications (systemic and local) were found. After 4-6 months follow-up on average, the fracture healed well. There was significant difference in time of treatment, total cost of treatment and complication rate between 2 groups (P<0.01). Conclusion The VS procedure can drain the wound surface completely, decrease infection rate and stimulate the proliferation of granulation tissue. A combination of VS with emergency internal fixation is a simple and effective method in treatment of limbs open fracture and soft tissue dirty defects.